NCMB316 BSN 3rd Year Midterm: Diabetes Mellitus and Nervous System Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What hormone is produced by alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans?

  • Somatostatin
  • Insulin
  • Cortisol
  • Glucagon (correct)

    • How does insulin help lower glucose levels in the body?

  • Inhibits breakdown of fats & proteins (correct)
  • Requires Na+ for protein transport
  • Increases glucose production
  • Promotes gluconeogenesis

    • Which hormone inhibits the action of growth hormone?

  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
  • Somatostatin (correct)
  • Cortisol

    • What is the main function of glucagon released by the alpha cells?

    <p>Raising glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is required for the production of insulin?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T3 (Triiodothyronine) hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Aids in metabolism and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in regulating serum Ca++ levels secreted by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyrocalcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is used to detect hyperthyroidism based on iodine uptake levels?

    <p>RAIU (Radioactive Iodine Uptake)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test measures O2 consumption as an indirect indicator of metabolic rate?

    <p>BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of a hyperthyroid goiter?

    <p>Called toxic goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dexamethasone in managing thyroid hormone release?

    <p>Inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Increased sensitivity to caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing body heat production?

    <p>T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Hashimoto's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of propranolol in managing thyroid disorders?

    <p>Controlling hypertension and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing aldosterone?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are primarily responsible for regulating carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major source of androgens in women?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mineralocorticoids in the body?

    <p>Promote sodium and water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Addison's disease?

    <p>Bronze-like pigmentation of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering Mitotane to a patient with high plasma cortisol levels?

    <p>To decrease the production of glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing intervention is essential for a patient with high plasma cortisol levels to prevent muscle weakness?

    <p>Maintaining muscle tone through ROM exercises and assisting with ambulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication could be prescribed to a patient with high plasma cortisol levels to block cortisol receptors?

    <p>Korlym [Mifepristone]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication regimen change may be necessary for a patient with prolonged corticosteroid therapy?

    <p>Switching to alternate day therapy or reducing dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in a patient with high plasma cortisol levels to prevent complications?

    <p>Monitoring for hypertension and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet should be provided for a patient with high plasma cortisol levels?

    <p>Low in calories and sodium, high in protein, K+, and Ca++</p> Signup and view all the answers

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