NCMB316 BSN 3rd Year Midterm: Diabetes Mellitus and Nervous System Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What hormone is produced by alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans?

  • Somatostatin
  • Insulin
  • Cortisol
  • Glucagon (correct)

How does insulin help lower glucose levels in the body?

  • Inhibits breakdown of fats & proteins (correct)
  • Requires Na+ for protein transport
  • Increases glucose production
  • Promotes gluconeogenesis

Which hormone inhibits the action of growth hormone?

  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
  • Somatostatin (correct)
  • Cortisol

What is the main function of glucagon released by the alpha cells?

<p>Raising glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is required for the production of insulin?

<p>Potassium (K+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Hyperglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T3 (Triiodothyronine) hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

<p>Aids in metabolism and growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in regulating serum Ca++ levels secreted by the thyroid gland?

<p>Thyrocalcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is used to detect hyperthyroidism based on iodine uptake levels?

<p>RAIU (Radioactive Iodine Uptake) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test measures O2 consumption as an indirect indicator of metabolic rate?

<p>BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a hyperthyroid goiter?

<p>Called toxic goiter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dexamethasone in managing thyroid hormone release?

<p>Inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?

<p>Increased sensitivity to caffeine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing body heat production?

<p>T4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of hypothyroidism?

<p>Hashimoto's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of propranolol in managing thyroid disorders?

<p>Controlling hypertension and tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological treatment for hypothyroidism?

<p>Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing aldosterone?

<p>Zona glomerulosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are primarily responsible for regulating carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism?

<p>Glucocorticoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major source of androgens in women?

<p>Adrenal cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of Addison's disease?

<p>Viral infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mineralocorticoids in the body?

<p>Promote sodium and water reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Addison's disease?

<p>Bronze-like pigmentation of the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering Mitotane to a patient with high plasma cortisol levels?

<p>To decrease the production of glucocorticoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is essential for a patient with high plasma cortisol levels to prevent muscle weakness?

<p>Maintaining muscle tone through ROM exercises and assisting with ambulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication could be prescribed to a patient with high plasma cortisol levels to block cortisol receptors?

<p>Korlym [Mifepristone] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication regimen change may be necessary for a patient with prolonged corticosteroid therapy?

<p>Switching to alternate day therapy or reducing dosage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in a patient with high plasma cortisol levels to prevent complications?

<p>Monitoring for hypertension and edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet should be provided for a patient with high plasma cortisol levels?

<p>Low in calories and sodium, high in protein, K+, and Ca++ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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