NCMB 216: Integumentary System
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the production of melanin?

  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum basale (correct)
  • What primary function does the hypodermis serve?

  • Preventing water loss
  • Synthesis of vitamin D
  • Providing sensory receptors for touch and pain
  • Serving as insulation and energy storage (correct)
  • Which component of sweat glands is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

  • Eccrine glands (correct)
  • Apocrine glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Stratum corneum
  • Which layer of the dermis contains thick collagen fibers and elastic fibers?

    <p>Reticular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of respiration is characterized by periods of rapid respirations followed by periods of apnea?

    <p>Biots respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the stratum corneum primarily provide?

    <p>Serving as a tough, protective barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major function of the lungs involves the movement of gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands secrete sebum to lubricate hair and skin?

    <p>Sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is described as invaginations in the epidermis that hold hair shafts?

    <p>Hair follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lungs in regulating acid-base balance?

    <p>Removing carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System: Structure and Function

    • Provides first line of defense in immune system
    • Regulates body temperature
    • Assists in synthesis of Vitamin D
    • Prevents water loss
    • Sensory receptors provide for touch, pain, temperature, and pressure

    Integumentary System Layers

    • Epidermis: outermost layer, composed mainly of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
      • Stratum Corneum: most superficial layer, composed of dead cells, provides tough, protective barrier
      • Stratum Lucidum: clear layer, found only in thick skin (palms, soles)
      • Stratum Granulosum: cells produce keratin granules, release lipids to waterproof skin
      • Stratum Spinosum: cells produce keratin, giving skin strength and elasticity
      • Stratum Basale: deepest layer, contains melanin-producing cells and stem cells for skin renewal
    • Dermis: dense, fibrous connective tissue, provides support
      • Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
      • Papillary Layer: superficial layer with thin collagen fibers and capillaries for nourishment
      • Reticular Layer: deeper layer with thick collagen fibers and elastic fibers for strength and resilience
    • Hypodermis: subcutaneous layer, composed of adipose tissue and loose connective tissue
      • Serves as insulation, energy storage, and cushioning

    Integumentary System Components

    • Hair: composed of keratin
      • Hair Follicles: invaginations in epidermis, hold hair shafts
      • Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates hair and skin
    • Nails: composed of keratinized cells formed in nail matrix
      • Nail Body: visible portion of nail
      • Nail Root: hidden under skin
      • Lunula: white, crescent-shaped area at base of nail
    • Sweat Glands: exocrine glands that secrete sweat
      • Eccrine Glands: widespread, produce watery sweat for thermoregulation
      • Apocrine Glands: found in axillae and groin, produce thick sweat that is odorless but can become malodorous in presence of bacteria

    Respiratory System

    Major Functions of the Lungs

    • Ventilation: air movement into and out of lungs
    • Diffusion: movement of gases between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
    • Perfusion: blood flow through pulmonary capillaries
    • Gas Exchange: movement of oxygen from alveoli to blood and movement of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli
    • Regulation of acid-base balance: lungs help regulate pH of blood by removing carbon dioxide
    • Filter: removes foreign bodies from respiratory system, helps protect body from disease

    Breathing Patterns

    • Quiet Respiration: normal, relaxed breathing
    • Forced Respiration: breathing that is more forceful than normal
    • Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: characterized by periods of alternating deep and shallow breaths
    • Kussmaul Respiration: characterized by rapid, deep, and labored breathing
    • Biots Respiration: characterized by periods of rapid respirations followed by periods of apnea

    Nursing Care

    • Assess respiratory status: determine patient's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth
    • Monitor respiratory status: continuously assess patient's respiratory status

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and function of the integumentary system, including its role in the immune system, temperature regulation, and sensory reception.

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