NCMA216: BSN 2nd Year Prelim 2021

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Questions and Answers

What is a key indicator of drug toxicity in a patient receiving magnesium sulfate for hypertension?

Absent patellar reflex (correct)

Improved respiration

Increased blood pressure

Elevated pulse rate

What should be immediately available at the bedside of a patient receiving magnesium sulfate in case of drug toxicity?

Insulin

Sodium bicarbonate

Calcium gluconate (correct)

Lidocaine

What does an immunologic reaction to a drug indicate?

Drug allergy (correct)

Drug interaction

Drug overdose

Drug intolerance

Which caution should be taken when administering intravenous medications?

Perform a skin test to check for allergies Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate action if a patient has multiple food allergies?

Ask the doctor about potential drug allergies Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the secondary, unintended effect of a drug?

Side effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples is a chemical name of a drug?

N-acetyl-p-aminophenol Signup and view all the answers

What can drug toxicity result from?

Overdosage or accumulation in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'brand name' refer to in pharmaceuticals?

The name given by the manufacturer of the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of drug toxicity?

Improved liver function Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a common side effect of antibiotics?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to an overdose in pediatric patients?

Confusion in the measurement of liquid medications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a chemical name example provided in the content?

Prozac Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacology primarily the study of?

Drugs and their origin, structure, and effects Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of American pharmacology?

John Jacob Abel Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pharmacokinetics in pharmacology?

To understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs Signup and view all the answers

In which century was the first recorded reference to pharmacology made?

19th century Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the first substances to be isolated in pharmacology?

Morphine from opium Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms?

Pharmacodynamics Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for drugs to be excreted from the body?

To prevent them from causing toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the nursing process in pharmacology?

To evaluate patients' responses to medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of Paracetamol for a patient with a temperature of 38.5 degrees or above?

1 tab every 4 hours Signup and view all the answers

What does drug tolerance refer to?

An unusually low physiological response to a drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is a standing drug order?

Maintenance medications taken for several days Signup and view all the answers

In administering medications, what should an RN do if they cannot read an order?

Question or clarify the illegible order Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for licensing and monitoring drugs in the Philippines?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the FDA finds additional harmful substances in a drug?

They terminate the drug's availability. Signup and view all the answers

If a nurse is uncertain about a medication calculation, what should they do?

Double-check with another nurse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the FDA?

To ensure health and safety of food and drugs. Signup and view all the answers

When should diphenhydramine 50mg be administered?

Prior to blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What principle should a nurse follow concerning the administration of medications in relation to temperature readings?

Administer medications strictly when temperature is above 38.5 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of frequent intake of pain relievers in individuals?

Increased pain tolerance. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do first when a medication error occurs?

Immediately assess the patient. Signup and view all the answers

What does the signature of a license practitioner signify in a medication order?

The practitioner is responsible for the order's accuracy Signup and view all the answers

What role does the FDA play in relation to household hazardous waste?

They regulate the flow of household hazardous waste. Signup and view all the answers

What is one important instruction regarding drug dosage based on nursing assessment?

Withhold dosage if no symptoms are present Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a medication nurse's primary responsibility?

To focus on patient care and medication administration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Concepts of Pharmacology

Pharmacology studies drugs' origins, chemical structures, preparations, administration, actions, metabolism, and excretion.
Understanding drug effects involves assessing their impacts on human health and absorption/excretion mechanisms.
Fredrich Serturner was the first to isolate morphine from opium and tested its effects on himself and others.
John Jacob Abel is known as the Father of American Pharmacology; he established the first pharmacology department in 1890.

Drug Classification

Side Effects: Unintended secondary effects of drugs, for example, antibiotics may cause diarrhea or nausea.
Brand Name: Manufacturer's name for a drug (e.g., Panadol, Biogesic).
Chemical Name: Describes the drug's atomic structure (e.g., N-acetyl-p-aminophenol for acetaminophen).
Drug Toxicity: Result of overdose or harmful accumulation in the bloodstream, potentially leading to side effects like liver and kidney damage.
Signs of drug toxicity include low blood pressure, absent reflexes, and respiratory changes; immediate interventions may be necessary.

Drug Management and Patient Care

Assess patients for allergies, particularly with IV medications; history of food allergies is crucial information.
Drug tolerance can develop, resulting in reduced physiological responses to medications over time.
Medication errors must be promptly assessed and reported to a healthcare provider.

Drug Regulation and Safety

The FDA regulates food, drugs, and medical devices in the Philippines, focusing on public health and safety.
The FDA monitors for harmful substances in medications and can terminate drugs that present risks.
Republic Act No. 9165 (2002) addresses the enforcement of regulations on dangerous drugs, classifying substances like methamphetamine and marijuana.

Principles of Drug Administration

Medications are administered for diagnosis, cure, treatment, relief of symptoms, or prevention of diseases.
RN responsibilities include clarifying medication orders, ensuring accurate dosages, and adhering to administration protocols.
Different categories of drug orders include:
- Standing: Regular medications taken over a period.
- One-time: Medications given at a specific time.
- PRN: Medications given as needed based on patient assessment.
RNs should avoid leaving medications at the bedside and must administer drugs in response to changes in the patient's condition (e.g., fever).

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Description

This quiz covers key pharmacology concepts for the Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2nd year, focusing on Acacia leaves and their applications in treating internal bleeding. It includes important pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics principles. Prepare for your prelim exam with these essential topics and practices.