NCLEX Pediatric Practice: Communicable Diseases
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Questions and Answers

A child is diagnosed with chickenpox. What is a priority instruction for the nurse to give the parents regarding medication management?

  • Use ibuprofen to reduce itching.
  • Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
  • Give acetaminophen to manage fever.
  • Avoid giving aspirin to the child. (correct)

    • What is a key symptom of pertussis?

  • Cough (correct)
  • Rash
  • Itchy scalp
  • Fever

    • A child is diagnosed with measles. What is a common complication of this disease?

  • Encephalitis
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
  • All of the above (correct)

    • A parent asks the nurse about the transmission of chickenpox. What is the correct response?

    <p>Chickenpox is spread through airborne transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the rash associated with measles?

    <p>It starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of pertussis?

    <p>To prevent the spread of the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child is diagnosed with chickenpox. What is an important instruction for the nurse to give the parents regarding the child's activities?

    <p>Keep the child isolated until all the blisters have crusted over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of measles in addition to the rash?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a paramyxovirus?

    <p>Measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of both measles and pertussis?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterial infection?

    <p>Strep Throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Fifth Disease?

    <p>Lacy, pink rash on arms and legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can lead to encephalitis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way of transmission for both measles and varicella?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is characterized by a 'slapped-cheek' appearance?

    <p>Fifth Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of influenza?

    <p>Sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chickenpox (Varicella)

    • Aspirin should not be given to children with chickenpox due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
    • Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to manage fever.

    Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

    • Antibiotics are crucial in treating pertussis to reduce the severity and spread of the disease.
    • Administering antibiotics as prescribed is the priority.

    Measles (Rubeola)

    • Measles is often associated with conjunctivitis, cough, coryza (runny nose), and Koplik spots (small white spots) inside the mouth.
    • Conjunctivitis is a key symptom that supports a diagnosis of measles.

    Mumps

    • Meningitis is a potential complication of mumps that is particularly concerning due to its impact on the central nervous system and potential for long-term neurological damage.
    • Other potential complications of mumps include hearing loss, orchitis, and pancreatitis.

    Measles

    • Measles virus (paramyxovirus) causes a highly contagious viral disease
    • Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected person's saliva or mucus, or airborne transmission through coughing and sneezing
    • Common symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, red and watery eyes, Koplik spots, and a rash starting on the face and spreading to the rest of the body
    • Complications can lead to ear infections, pneumonia, encephalitis, and rarely, death

    Influenza

    • Influenza viruses (A, B, and C) cause a contagious respiratory illness
    • Transmission occurs through airborne transmission by coughing and sneezing, or contact with contaminated surfaces
    • Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, headache, fatigue, and muscle or body aches
    • Complications can lead to pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus and ear infections, and worsening of existing health conditions

    Pertussis

    • Bordetella pertussis causes a highly contagious bacterial disease
    • Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected person's saliva or mucus, or airborne transmission by coughing and sneezing
    • Symptoms include a mild cough that worsens over time, apnea in infants, vomiting after coughing, and a mild fever
    • Complications can lead to pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy, and rarely, death

    Strep Throat

    • Streptococcus pyogenes causes a bacterial infection
    • Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected person's saliva or mucus, or contact with contaminated surfaces
    • Symptoms include a sudden onset of sore throat, painful swallowing, fever, white or red patches on tonsils, and swollen, tender lymph nodes in the neck
    • Complications can lead to kidney inflammation and rheumatic fever (rarely)

    Varicella (Chickenpox)

    • Varicella-zoster virus causes a highly contagious viral disease
    • Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected person's saliva or mucus, or airborne transmission by coughing and sneezing
    • Symptoms include an itchy, blister-like rash, fever, headache, fatigue, and loss of appetite
    • Complications can lead to bacterial infections of the skin or lungs, encephalitis, and rarely, death

    Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

    • Parvovirus B19 causes a mild, highly contagious viral disease
    • Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected person's saliva or mucus, or airborne transmission by coughing and sneezing
    • Symptoms include a bright red rash on the face (slapped-cheek appearance), lacy, pink rash on arms and legs, fever, headache, and fatigue
    • Complications can lead to arthritis and anemia (rarely)

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    Description

    Practice questions to help prepare for the pediatric NCLEX exam, focusing on communicable diseases such as chickenpox. Test your knowledge and identify areas for further study.

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