NCE Practice Test Questions
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Questions and Answers

According to Vygotsky, what is the inability to build a tower on her own known as?

The zone of proximal development

According to Erikson, what will an individual who fails to develop a strong sense of identity have troubles with?

Intimacy

What is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality development?

  • Anal (correct)
  • Phallic (correct)
  • Oral (correct)
  • Latency (correct)
  • Genital (correct)

What parenting style is represented by a father who says, 'Because I said so'?

<p>Authoritarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Harry Harlow's findings show about baby monkeys' preferences for surrogate mothers?

<p>Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a wire mesh mother that holds a bottle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States?

<p>Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, what level does Cody exemplify when he does what his parents say to avoid losing privileges?

<p>Preconventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jack finds peek-a-boo fun because he has acquired ____________, according to Piaget.

<p>Object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the theorist associated with bonding and attachment?

<p>Bowlby</p> Signup and view all the answers

Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces about his life; what Erikson stage is this an example of?

<p>Ego integrity stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Girls more often engage in ____________ aggression than boys.

<p>Relational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical characteristic of Down Syndrome?

<p>Single transverse palmar crease (A), Short stature (B), Slanted eyes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem, which statement is true?

<p>An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does research reveal about gay and lesbian couples in comparison to heterosexual parents?

<p>They are as dedicated to and as effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly in the Stanford prison study?

<p>The social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and the prisoners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the original Milgram studies, when were people more likely to disobey?

<p>When the victim was in an adjoining room so sounds were heard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key finding was discovered in the Stanford prison simulation regarding the roles of prisoners and guards?

<p>Individuals took on behaviors of 'real' prisoners and guards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stereotypes distort reality?

<p>Stereotypes create extreme perceptions of differences between groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Zone of Proximal Development

Tasks too difficult for a child to do alone but possible with guidance.

Harlow's Monkey Studies

Baby monkeys preferred soft, comforting contact over basic needs.

Identity vs. Intimacy (Erikson)

Failure to form a solid sense of self hinders developing close relationships later.

Freud's Stages

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.

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Preconventional Morality

Moral choices driven by avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.

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Authoritarian Parenting

Parenting style using coercion and control, expecting obedience.

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Authoritative Parenting

Parenting style balancing expectations with warmth and independence.

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Object Permanence

Understanding objects exist even when out of sight.

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Sensorimotor Stage

A cognitive stage where children explore the world through senses and actions; marked by object permanence.

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Relational Aggression

Harm through rumors, exclusion, or social manipulation.

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Stanford Prison Study

Situations can cause ordinary people to act in cruel, unusual ways.

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Milgram Experiment

Obedience decreases when witnessing the victim's suffering directly.

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Stereotypes

Overgeneralized beliefs about groups, distorting reality.

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Prejudice

Inaccurate and biased negative attitude toward a specific group.

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LGBTQ+ Parenting Effectiveness

Gay/lesbian couples raise children as effectively as heterosexual.

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Ego Integrity

Reflecting meaning on life's events, both good and bad.

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Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder where children have developmental delays and distinct facial features.

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Compassion

Increased acceptance and empathy for others' hardships and pain.

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Study Notes

Child Development Concepts

  • Vygotsky's zone of proximal development refers to tasks too difficult for children alone, achievable with assistance.
  • Harlow's studies reveal baby monkeys prefer soft attachments over wire mothers, emphasizing the importance of comfort in early development.

Psychological Theories

  • Erikson proposed that failure to establish a strong identity can hinder intimacy development.
  • Freud's stages of personality development follow the sequence: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
  • Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development focuses on avoiding negative consequences, such as losing privileges.

Parenting Styles and Their Effects

  • Authoritarian parenting relies on coercion and psychological control, often leading to compliance without understanding.
  • Authoritative parenting is linked to higher self-esteem in children due to a balance of guidance and independence.

Cognitive Development

  • Piaget identified object permanence as a key cognitive milestone achieved in the sensorimotor stage, exemplified by children enjoying peek-a-boo games.
  • Girls typically engage in relational aggression, contrasting with boys' more physical forms of aggression.

Social Psychology and Morality

  • Stanford prison study demonstrated how situational contexts can transform individuals into extreme roles, affecting their behavior significantly.
  • Milgram's experiments found people are more likely to disobey orders when they personally perceive the victim's distress, particularly if the victim is in the same room.

Stereotypes and Cultural Influence

  • Stereotypes create exaggerated perceptions of differences between groups, resulting in a distorted view of reality.
  • Research indicates that gay and lesbian couples are equally effective in child-rearing as heterosexual couples, challenging cultural prejudices.

Aging and Reflection

  • Erikson's ego integrity stage highlights the importance of reflecting on one’s life successes and regrets in later years, contributing to overall life satisfaction.

Down Syndrome Characteristics

  • Common physical characteristics of Down Syndrome include distinct facial features and developmental delays, but large hands and feet are not typical.

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Description

Test your knowledge on developmental psychology concepts with these flashcards. This quiz covers key theories, such as Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, through practical examples. Perfect for education students preparing for the NCE exam.

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