NCE Practice Test Questions

Questions and Answers

According to Vygotsky, what is the inability to build a tower on her own known as?

The zone of proximal development

According to Erikson, what will an individual who fails to develop a strong sense of identity have troubles with?

Intimacy

What is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality development?

Anal (correct)

Phallic (correct)

Oral (correct)

Latency (correct)

Genital (correct)

What parenting style is represented by a father who says, 'Because I said so'?

Authoritarian Signup and view all the answers

What did Harry Harlow's findings show about baby monkeys' preferences for surrogate mothers?

Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a wire mesh mother that holds a bottle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States?

Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge. Signup and view all the answers

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, what level does Cody exemplify when he does what his parents say to avoid losing privileges?

Preconventional Signup and view all the answers

Jack finds peek-a-boo fun because he has acquired ____________, according to Piaget.

Object permanence Signup and view all the answers

Who is the theorist associated with bonding and attachment?

Bowlby Signup and view all the answers

Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces about his life; what Erikson stage is this an example of?

Ego integrity stage Signup and view all the answers

Girls more often engage in ____________ aggression than boys.

Relational Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical characteristic of Down Syndrome?

Single transverse palmar crease Signup and view all the answers

When considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem, which statement is true?

An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem. Signup and view all the answers

What does research reveal about gay and lesbian couples in comparison to heterosexual parents?

They are as dedicated to and as effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents. Signup and view all the answers

What caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly in the Stanford prison study?

The social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and the prisoners. Signup and view all the answers

In the original Milgram studies, when were people more likely to disobey?

When the victim was in an adjoining room so sounds were heard. Signup and view all the answers

What key finding was discovered in the Stanford prison simulation regarding the roles of prisoners and guards?

Individuals took on behaviors of 'real' prisoners and guards. Signup and view all the answers

How do stereotypes distort reality?

Stereotypes create extreme perceptions of differences between groups. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Child Development Concepts

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development refers to tasks too difficult for children alone, achievable with assistance.
Harlow's studies reveal baby monkeys prefer soft attachments over wire mothers, emphasizing the importance of comfort in early development.

Psychological Theories

Erikson proposed that failure to establish a strong identity can hinder intimacy development.
Freud's stages of personality development follow the sequence: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development focuses on avoiding negative consequences, such as losing privileges.

Parenting Styles and Their Effects

Authoritarian parenting relies on coercion and psychological control, often leading to compliance without understanding.
Authoritative parenting is linked to higher self-esteem in children due to a balance of guidance and independence.

Cognitive Development

Piaget identified object permanence as a key cognitive milestone achieved in the sensorimotor stage, exemplified by children enjoying peek-a-boo games.
Girls typically engage in relational aggression, contrasting with boys' more physical forms of aggression.

Stanford prison study demonstrated how situational contexts can transform individuals into extreme roles, affecting their behavior significantly.
Milgram's experiments found people are more likely to disobey orders when they personally perceive the victim's distress, particularly if the victim is in the same room.

Stereotypes and Cultural Influence

Stereotypes create exaggerated perceptions of differences between groups, resulting in a distorted view of reality.
Research indicates that gay and lesbian couples are equally effective in child-rearing as heterosexual couples, challenging cultural prejudices.

Aging and Reflection

Erikson's ego integrity stage highlights the importance of reflecting on one’s life successes and regrets in later years, contributing to overall life satisfaction.

Down Syndrome Characteristics

Common physical characteristics of Down Syndrome include distinct facial features and developmental delays, but large hands and feet are not typical.

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Description

Test your knowledge on developmental psychology concepts with these flashcards. This quiz covers key theories, such as Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, through practical examples. Perfect for education students preparing for the NCE exam.