NCC Education Programming Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a professional programme offered by NCC Education?

  • International Certificate in Computer Studies
  • MSc in Professional Practice in IT (correct)
  • International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies
  • BSc (Hons) in Computing and Information Systems

NCC Education was founded in 1997 to promote the use of computing technology within industry.

False (B)

What is the full form of IDCS?

International Diploma in Computer Studies

NCC Education is recognized as one of the world's leading ______ awarding bodies.

<p>IT qualification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following programmes with their categories:

<p>A+ = Professional Programmes BCIS = Academic Awards PC Application Courseware = Products Course Accreditation = Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Euro PC Test?

<p>To serve as a test software for European Computer Driving Licence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NCC Education's training programmes are only recognized nationally and not internationally.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did NCC Education become a separate company?

<p>1997</p> Signup and view all the answers

What development factors contributed to the evolution of programming languages?

<p>Abacus and numbering systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first programs were written exclusively for computers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of programming discussed in the chapter?

<p>Object-oriented programming and structured programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

Programming languages have developed gradually over the __________.

<p>centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical programming root with its description:

<p>Abacus = An ancient counting tool Industrial Revolution = An era for early programming developments Looms = Machines used for weaving fabrics Calculating machines = Early mechanical devices for computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the main objective of the chapter?

<p>To provide an overview of the history and development of programming languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is only one correct definition of what constitutes a programming language.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of programming languages is highlighted as a recent feature in the chapter?

<p>Object-orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of programming languages?

<p>To enable communication between humans and machines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computers can directly understand everyday human language.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does machine code consist of?

<p>1s and 0s</p> Signup and view all the answers

A programming language serves as a way for a human to communicate with a _____ that cannot understand natural language.

<p>machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their descriptors of programming languages:

<p>Tool to help the programmer = A programming language has been defined as a tool to help the programmer Readable by humans and machines = A way of writing that can be read by both a human being and a machine Instructions for the machine = A sequence of instructions for the machine to carry out Algorithm expression = A computer language offers a means of writing algorithms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is a characteristic of a programming language?

<p>It assists in writing algorithms for problem-solving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer program offers a standard way of expressing algorithms for machines only.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is machine code difficult for humans to use?

<p>It consists of binary digits (1s and 0s).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a variable represent in logic?

<p>An identifier or name that can stand for various values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instance variables are specific to each instance of a class.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the reptiles class included in its operations?

<p>To grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ can vary for different instances of a class.

<p>colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Variable = A unit of storage that can be modified during execution Data = Information on which computer programs operate Class Method = A method applicable to the class as a whole Instance Method = A method that operates on a particular instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the reptiles class?

<p>Creating graphics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data is distinguished from graphics, text, and speech.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of variable refers to the total number of consumers interviewed?

<p>Class variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is encapsulation in object-oriented systems?

<p>Bundling together attributes and operations of an object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Information hiding refers to the practice of exposing all data associated with an object.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does black box technology refer to?

<p>Technology that shields the user from its mechanics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of encapsulation is when a _____ knows what processor it is using but does not reveal the details directly.

<p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Encapsulation = Hiding the details of an object's operations Abstraction = Simplifying complex systems by focusing on relevant characteristics Information Hiding = Preventing access to an object's data by external objects Black Box = A technology that obscures internal workings from the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of encapsulation in object-oriented design?

<p>An object can manage its own state without external interference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Encapsulation allows users to know the internal state of an object without sending messages.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a developer choose to use abstraction?

<p>To streamline an object by hiding unnecessary details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature does abstraction provide to a developer?

<p>Filters out irrelevant operations and attributes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Objects can communicate with each other by sending messages.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a feature that could be filtered out from a consumer profile when focusing on pet owners?

<p>Favorite restaurants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abstraction helps create a simplified version of a class by removing ____________ information.

<p>superfluous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following operations with the appropriate descriptions:

<p>Send Message = Request an operation from another object Encapsulation = Hiding implementation details of an object Abstraction = Simplifying complexity by filtering out unnecessary details Class = Blueprint for creating objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of consumer profiling, which aspect might a developer keep when creating a profile for pet food manufacturers?

<p>Number of pets owned (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abstraction is unnecessary when developing software for specific consumer needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does encapsulation achieve in object-oriented programming?

<p>Hides implementation details</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

NCC Education

A leading global IT qualification awarding body offering various academic and professional IT courses.

Academic Awards (ICCS, IDCS, IAD)

Formal qualifications in computer studies, ranging from certificates to advanced diplomas.

Professional Programmes (MSc in Professional Practice)

Specialized IT programs focused on practical IT skills.

Student Materials

Educational resources to support NCC Education courses, for students.

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Tutor Training Materials

Educational resources, for training tutors.

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Course Accreditation

Formal recognition of NCC Education courses.

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Centre Accreditation

Formal recognition of training centers.

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IT industry links

NCC's historical ties with the global IT industry.

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Programming Language

A language used to give instructions to a computer.

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Programming Language Generations

Programming languages have evolved in stages, each with its own features and advantages.

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Object-oriented Technology

A recent programming approach that organizes software as objects

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Structured Programming

A programming style with organized code segments or steps

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Programming History

Programming languages have developed over time, from early machines to modern languages.

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Language Models

Different types of programming languages exist focusing on various approaches.

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Evaluation of Programming Languages

Assessing how various programming languages compare by evaluating their strengths and weakness.

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Early Programming

Early programming languages focused on instructing machines on tasks.

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Class (programming)

A blueprint or template that defines the characteristics (data) and behaviors (responsibilities) of objects.

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Object (programming)

An instance of a class, representing a specific entity with its own data and behavior.

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Instance Variable

A variable that holds data specific to each object of a class.

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Class Variable

A variable that holds data common to all objects of a class.

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Class Method

A function that operates on all objects of a class.

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Instance Method

A function that operates on a specific object of a class.

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Data (programming)

Information used by computer programs, often stored as variables.

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Responsibilities (programming)

The actions or behaviors that a class or object can perform.

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Machine Code

The fundamental language of computers. It is composed of 1s and 0s (binary) and represents instructions directly understood by the computer's hardware.

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Algorithm

A step-by-step set of instructions for solving a specific problem. It's a blueprint for achieving a particular outcome.

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Why do we need programming languages?

Computers cannot understand natural language. Programming languages provide a bridge allowing humans to communicate their instructions in a way that computers can process.

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What makes a language readable by humans and computers?

A programming language uses syntax and keywords that are comprehensible to humans while translating them into machine-understandable code.

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What is the purpose of a computer program?

A computer program is a set of instructions written in a programming language that solves a particular problem or performs a specific task.

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How do programming languages benefit humans?

They provide a standard way to express complex algorithms, allowing humans to communicate and collaborate on software development.

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Can there be a singular 'correct' definition of a programming language?

It's a complex concept with multiple facets, making it difficult to define solely. It's more relevant to understand its different purposes and characteristics.

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Abstraction

Abstraction allows developers to re-use a class and filter out unnecessary information (operations and attributes) from that class.

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Filter superfluous operations

When using abstraction, you can choose which features of a class are relevant to your project and hide the rest.

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Object communication

Objects in a program communicate with each other by sending messages.

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Object operation

A message sent to an object instructs it to perform a specific task or operation.

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Why use abstraction?

Abstraction simplifies programming, making code easier to understand, manage, and re-use.

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Example: Consumer profile

A consumer profile may contain various details, but abstraction lets you filter and only keep information needed for your program.

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Abstraction in programming

Abstraction helps to break down complex software into smaller, manageable chunks by focusing on what is important and hiding unnecessary details.

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Benefits of abstraction

Abstraction makes code more efficient, easier to maintain, and promotes code re-use. It simplifies the development process by allowing developers to focus on core functionality and avoid dealing with redundant features.

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Encapsulation

Bundling data (attributes) and operations (methods) within an object and hiding them from outside access.

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Information Hiding

The concept of keeping data or functionality hidden from other parts of the program.

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Black Box Technology

A system where internal mechanisms are hidden from the user, who only interacts with its inputs and outputs.

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Object Attributes

Properties or characteristics that describe an object.

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Message Passing

The way objects communicate with each other in an object-oriented system.

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How do objects know their data?

Objects 'know' their data through internal attributes, which are accessible only within the object.

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Study Notes

Structured Programming Methods - Study Notes

  • Structured Programming Methods is a programming approach focused on organizing programs into logical blocks (procedures, functions, and subroutines) to enhance program readability and maintainability.
  • This approach is preferred over less structured methods that rely heavily on GOTO statements.
  • Procedures/Functions are modular blocks of code (subprograms) that perform a specific task. Data is passed to these functions via parameters.
  • Procedures return no value; Functions always return a value.
  • The use of procedures/functions enhance code organization, reusability, and testability.
  • Local variables are only accessible within the procedure/function where they are declared. This feature helps to prevent unintended side effects.
  • Global variables are accessible throughout the entire program, use them with caution.
  • Arrays are ordered collections of data items of the same type with a fixed size. The individual data items in an array can be directly accessed using their position number. This is called the subscript.
  • Linked Lists are a data structure that is an ordered collection of items linked from item to item. The items are not stored in consecutive locations but are linked using links (pointers).
  • Queues are a data structure based on the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle. Elements are added at one end (rear) and removed from the other (front).
  • Stacks are a data structure based on the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle. Elements are added and removed from the same end (top).
  • Data structures like queues and stacks are widely used in programming for managing information logically and efficiently.
  • Sorting techniques are algorithms used to rearrange items in an array (or list) into a specific order (e.g., ascending or descending). Different sorting algorithms have their own characteristics and efficiency trade-offs.
  • Searching techniques are algorithms used to locate a particular item within a data structure like an array or a linked list. The efficiency of searching methods is also an important consideration.

Data Structures (Queues, Stacks, Graphs, and Trees)

  • Graphs represent networks of elements (nodes) and their relationships (edges). Graphs can be cyclic or acyclic.
  • Trees are hierarchical data structures where each element has a single parent, unlike graphs where there can be multiple parents.
  • Binary Trees are a special type of tree where each node has at most two children.

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