Nawaasikh Verbs in Arabic

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Questions and Answers

ما هو دور أفعال الناصبة في الجملة العربية؟

تغيير وظيفة الضمائر من مفرد إلى جمع

تغيير وظيفة الأسماء من مرفوع إلى منصوب (correct)

تغيير وظيفة الحروف من حرف عطف إلى حرف جر

تغيير وظيفة الجمل من فعلية إلى اسمية

ما هي الفئة التي تنتمي إليها فعل "كان" وأخواتها؟

أفعال لازم

أفعال جامدة

أفعال متعدية

أفعال ناسخة (correct)

ما هو أثر فعل "كان" وأخواتها على الجملة؟

تحويل الجملة من فعلية إلى اسمية (correct)

إضافة حرف جر إلى الجملة

إضافة اسم نكرة إلى الجملة

تغيير ترتيب الكلمات في الجملة

ما هو اسم الفعل بعد فعل "كان" وأخواتها؟

مرفوع (C) Signup and view all the answers

أيّ مما يلي ليس من أفعال "كان" وأخواتها؟

فعل (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الفرق بين "كان" و "ليس" في "كان محمدٌ طالباً" و "ليس زيدٌ أخاً لمحمد" ؟

"كان" تُثبت وجود الصفة، و "ليس" تُنفيها (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو إعراب "زيدٌ" في الجملة "ليس زيدٌ أخاً لمحمد"؟

اسم فعل مرفوع (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما نوع الفعل "كان" و أختواتها؟

أفعال تامة في التصريف (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما نوع الفعل "مازال" و أصدقائها؟

أفعال ناقصة في التصريف (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما نوع الفعل "ليس"؟

أفعال جامدة (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما وظيفة ضمير المتكلم "أنا" في الجملة "أنا سعيد"؟

فاعل (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما نوع الفعل "أصبح"؟

فعل ناقص في التصريف (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع أفعال "كان" و أختواتها؟

أفعال لازمية (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الفعل "ما دام"؟

فعل جامد (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع العبارة "الكتاب على الطاولة"؟

جملة اسمية (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو اسم الخبر في الجملة "الكتاب على الطاولة"؟

الطاولة (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الجملة "ظل الطالب جالسا في الفصل"؟

جملة شبه فعلية (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع ضمير المتكلم "أنا" في الجملة "أنا طويل"؟

ضمير منفصل (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع العبارة "الجمال"؟

جميع ما سبق (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الجملة "أمسى الطلاب جالسين في الفصل"؟

جملة شبه فعلية (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع "مازال " في الجملة "مازال البحر هادئاً"؟

حرف (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية؟ "كان الطفل يركض في الحديقة"

كان يركض (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية؟ "كان الطفل سريعًا"

خبر اسم (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية: "ظل الفتى يقرأ الكتاب"؟

ظل يقرأ (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية: "كان الطالب غائبًا عن المدرسة"؟

غائبًا عن المدرسة (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية: "كان الطفل يلعب بالكرة"؟

خبر فعل (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية: "لم يكن الطالب متواجدًا في الفصل"؟

متواجدًا في الفصل (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية: "لم يكن الطالب طالبًا مجتهدًا"؟

خبر اسم (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية : " ظلّ الطالب يجلس في الصف"؟

ظلّ يجلس (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية: "ظلّ الكتاب على الطاولة"؟

خبر ظرف (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية: "لم يكن الطفل يقرأ" ؟

لم يكن يقرأ (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية: "لم تكن الحديقة جميلة"؟

خبر اسم (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية: " ظلَ الأستاذ يشرح الدرس"؟

خبر فعل (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية: "لم تكن الفتاة سعيدة"؟

لم تكن سعيدة (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الخبر في الجملة التالية : "لم تكن المدرسة قريبة"؟

خبر اسم (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الخبر في الجملة التالية: " ظلَ الطالب يجلس على الأرض"؟

يجلس على الأرض (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Text Summarized

Nawaasikh verbs modify the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence.
They change the subject and predicate roles to "Ism" (name) and "Khabar" (predicate) of the modifying verb.

Nawaasikh

Nawaasikh verbs are classified as verbs or letters.
Verbal Nawaasikh are categorized into three groups: "Kaan" and its sisters, "Kaad" and its sisters, "Zhan" and its sisters.
Letter Nawaasikh are categorized into "In" and its sisters, and "La" (the negative).

Kan and its Sisters

"Kan" and its sisters alter the grammatical roles of noun phrases.
Key verbs include: "Kaan" (to be), "Asbaha" (to become morning), "Adha" (to become midday), "Amsa" (to become evening), "Baa" (to spend the night), "Saar" (to become), "Zhala" (to remain), "Laysa" (not to be), "Maa Zaala" (not to cease), "Maa Baraha" (not to leave), "Maa Fat’a" (not to stop), "Maa Nafaka" (not to separate), and "Maa Daama" (not to continue).

The Effect of Kan and its Sisters

These verbs change the sentence's structure by modifying subject and predicate roles.
The subject becomes the "Ism" and the predicate becomes the "Khabar" of the modifying verb.
The original subject and predicate roles are nullified. The "Ism" is nominative (Mubtada) and "Khabar" is accusative (Khabar).

Identifying the Ism and Khabar

Find the "Ism" (name) by asking "who" or "what" before the verb.
Find the "Khabar" (predicate) by asking "what happened" or "how" after the "Ism".

The Classification of Verbs

"Kan" and its sisters are imperfect verbs (naaqis).
They are complete in conjugation (taam al-tasrif), appearing in all tenses (past, present, imperative).

Maa Zaala, Maa Baraha, Maa Fat’a, and Maa Nafaka

These verbs are imperfect in conjugation (naaqis al-tasrif), only appearing in past and present tenses.
They require the negation particle "Maa".
"Maa" is a circumstantial connective particle (maa al-zariif al-musdarriyah).

"Laysa" and "Maa Daama"

"Laysa" and "Maa Daama" are fixed or frozen verbs (jaamid).
They only appear in the past tense.
"Maa Daama" cannot be used in the present tense.

Key Concepts

Nawaasikh
Kan and its sisters
Ism and Khabar
Complete in conjugation (taam al-tasrif)
Imperfect in conjugation (naaqis al-tasrif)
Fixed or frozen verbs (jaamid)

Important Examples

"Al-Qissa Masliyah" (The Story Is Entertaining)
"Saara Al-Maa Saafiyah" (The Water Became Clear)
"Maa Zaala Al-Jundi Makanaho" (The Soldier Did Not Leave His Position)
"Min Fakka Al-Sadiqaan Mukhlisian" (The Friends Did Not Stop Being Loyal)

Exercise Examples

"Al-Qalb Mashghul" (The heart is occupied)
"Al-Harb Zhalat Qaimatin" (The war remained ongoing)
"Baat Al-Fida’i Mut’ahhizan" (The Partisan Spent the Night Prepared to Fight)

Noun with "alif" as a sign of raising

A noun is raised with "alif" if it is dual.

Noun with "waw" as a sign of raising

A noun is raised with "waw" if it is a sound masculine plural.

Types of Nouns

Three types of nouns: single word, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.

Raising and Nominative Case

Three ways to raise a noun in the nominative case: with damma, alif, or waw .

Accusative Case

Four signs of accusative case: fatha, kasra, alif, ya'.

Types of Accusative Case Signs

One main sign (fatha), other signs are secondary.

"Kan" (was) and its Sisters

Examples: "Kaan" (was), "Asbaha" (became), "Adha" (became midday), "Amsa" (became evening), "Baat" (spent the night), "Saar" (became), "Zhala" (remained).

"Mazaal" (still) and its Friends

Examples: "Maa Zaala" (not to cease), "Maa Baraha" (not to leave), "Maa Fat'a" (not to stop), "Maa Nafaka" (not to separate).

Fixed Verbs

Examples: "Laysa" (not), "Maa Daama" (as long as)

Verb Conjugation

"Kan" and its sisters are fully conjugated (past, present, imperative).
"Mazaal" and its friends are imperfect (past, present only).
Fixed verbs only appear in the past tense.

The Subject of "Kan" and its Sisters

The subject can be a noun or pronoun. If a pronoun, it takes the subject position.

Types of "kan" Predicates

Single word predicate, noun phrase predicate, and verb phrase predicate.

Predicate Analysis

Determine predicate type by asking "what?" after the subject of "Kan".

Noun Phrase Predicate

Noun phrase predicates consist of two words: pronoun referencing the subject, and the predicate.

Types of Phrases

Noun phrase, verb phrase, and prepositional phrase.

Predicate of the Noun Phrase

Look for a noun phrase functioning as a noun.

"Kan" and its Sisters in Action

Introduces nominal clauses (subject and predicate). "Kan" raises the subject and lowers the predicate .

Identifying "Kan" and its Sisters

Identify via "kan"/"mazaal" pattern.

Noun Phrase Predicate Explained

The phrase must include a pronoun referring to the subject, and the second word is the predicate.

Identifying the Predicate in a Sentence

Ask "what happened to the subject?" The answer, starting with a verb, is the predicate.

Predicate Types

Predicate verb (simply a verb), predicate noun (a noun).

Identifying the Predicate in Sentences with "Kan" and "Kan Wa-Akhwat-ha"

"Kan Wa-Akhwat-ha" are auxiliary verbs. They can be complete or incomplete.
Incomplete: Determine by asking "what happened to the subject?" If the answer does not fit, it's usually a complete verb.
Complete/Tama: Subject is the doer. In these cases, the subject is the doer.
Incomplete/Naaqisa: If asking what happened results in a predicate verb, the verb is incomplete.
Predicate noun/verb: Start by asking "what happened to the subject?"
If with verb, predicate verb (incomplete)
With noun, predicate noun (incomplete).

"Kan Wa-Akhwat-ha" and Predicate Nouns/Verbs

Predicate noun is the thing the subject is/is not.
Predicate verb is the action the subject is/is not performing.

Predicate Phrases

Predicate phrases are groups of words (noun, verb).
Predicate phrases in "Kan Wa-Akhwat-ha" sentences are always incomplete.

The "Ma-Zala"Verb

"Ma-Zala" is incomplete("Naaqisa") when meaning "still"
Complete ("Tama") when describing a process or action.
Complete "Ma-Zala": Sentence can be rephrased with "to be."
Incomplete "Ma-Zala": Sentence can be rephrased with "still."

"Laysa" and Predicate Nouns / Verbs

Predicate noun is what the subject is not.
Predicate verb is the action the subject is not performing

Identifying Predicate Phrases

Ask "What happened to the subject?" The answer is the predicate phrase.

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Description

يتناول هذا الاختبار دور الأفعال في اللغة العربية، ويركز بشكل خاص على الأفعال الناواسخة. تهدف الأسئلة إلى توضيح كيفية تأثير هذه الأفعال على الوظائف النحوية للعبارات الاسمية في الجمل. ستتعلم كيف تتغير أدوار الفاعل والخبر بسبب الأفعال الناواسخة.