Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which buoy is NOT numbered?
Which buoy is NOT numbered?
Red lights may appear on __________.
Red lights may appear on __________.
horizontally banded buoys
A preferred-channel buoy will show a __________.
A preferred-channel buoy will show a __________.
composite group-flashing (2 + 1) red or green light
A spherical buoy may be __________.
A spherical buoy may be __________.
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The symbol which appears beside a light on a chart reads 'Gp Fl R (2) 10 sec 160 ft 19M'. Which characteristic describes the light?
The symbol which appears beside a light on a chart reads 'Gp Fl R (2) 10 sec 160 ft 19M'. Which characteristic describes the light?
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A buoy marking a wreck will show a(n) __________.
A buoy marking a wreck will show a(n) __________.
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As your vessel is heading southward along the east coast of the United States, you encounter a buoy showing a red flashing light. How should you pass this buoy?
As your vessel is heading southward along the east coast of the United States, you encounter a buoy showing a red flashing light. How should you pass this buoy?
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Your vessel is leaving New York harbor in dense fog. As the vessel slowly proceeds toward sea, you sight a green can buoy on the starboard bow. Which action should you take?
Your vessel is leaving New York harbor in dense fog. As the vessel slowly proceeds toward sea, you sight a green can buoy on the starboard bow. Which action should you take?
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You are inbound in a channel marked by a range, steering 306°T. The range line is 309°T. Which action should you take?
You are inbound in a channel marked by a range, steering 306°T. The range line is 309°T. Which action should you take?
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A yellow buoy may mark a(n) __________.
A yellow buoy may mark a(n) __________.
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Under the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, a lighted buoy with a spherical topmark marks __________.
Under the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, a lighted buoy with a spherical topmark marks __________.
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In the IALA Buoyage System, buoys with alternating red and green horizontal bands are used to indicate __________.
In the IALA Buoyage System, buoys with alternating red and green horizontal bands are used to indicate __________.
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You are entering an African port and see ahead of you a red can-shaped buoy. What action should you take?
You are entering an African port and see ahead of you a red can-shaped buoy. What action should you take?
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You would expect to find channels marked with the IALA-A Buoyage System in __________.
You would expect to find channels marked with the IALA-A Buoyage System in __________.
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All of the following information concerning lighted aids to navigation may be read directly from the Light List EXCEPT the __________.
All of the following information concerning lighted aids to navigation may be read directly from the Light List EXCEPT the __________.
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Under the IALA-B Buoyage System, a conical buoy will be __________.
Under the IALA-B Buoyage System, a conical buoy will be __________.
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In which country would you expect the channels to be marked with the IALA-B Buoyage System?
In which country would you expect the channels to be marked with the IALA-B Buoyage System?
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What is characteristic of an isophase light?
What is characteristic of an isophase light?
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Red sectors of navigation lights warn mariners of __________.
Red sectors of navigation lights warn mariners of __________.
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Daymarks marking the starboard side of the channel when going towards the sea are __________.
Daymarks marking the starboard side of the channel when going towards the sea are __________.
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Daylight savings time is a form of zone time that adopts the time __________.
Daylight savings time is a form of zone time that adopts the time __________.
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The time required for a lighted aid to complete a full cycle of light changes is listed in the Light List as the __________.
The time required for a lighted aid to complete a full cycle of light changes is listed in the Light List as the __________.
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Geographic range is the maximum distance at which a light may be seen under __________.
Geographic range is the maximum distance at which a light may be seen under __________.
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The nominal range of a light may be accurately defined as the maximum distance at which a light may be seen __________.
The nominal range of a light may be accurately defined as the maximum distance at which a light may be seen __________.
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Buoys and day beacons exhibiting a yellow triangle or square painted on them are used __________.
Buoys and day beacons exhibiting a yellow triangle or square painted on them are used __________.
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The Light List indicates that a dayboard is a type KGW. You should __________.
The Light List indicates that a dayboard is a type KGW. You should __________.
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When entering a channel from seaward, the numbers on buoys __________.
When entering a channel from seaward, the numbers on buoys __________.
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"Proceeding from seaward" for the purpose of the direction of buoying offshore, lateral system buoys would be proceeding __________.
"Proceeding from seaward" for the purpose of the direction of buoying offshore, lateral system buoys would be proceeding __________.
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Which agency maintains federal aids to navigation?
Which agency maintains federal aids to navigation?
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In the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, red and green horizontally-banded buoys mark __________.
In the U.S. Aids to Navigation System, red and green horizontally-banded buoys mark __________.
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A preferred-channel buoy may be __________.
A preferred-channel buoy may be __________.
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Which navigational mark may only be lettered?
Which navigational mark may only be lettered?
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Under the IALA-A Buoyage System, a buoy marking the starboard side of the channel when approaching from seaward must have a(n) __________.
Under the IALA-A Buoyage System, a buoy marking the starboard side of the channel when approaching from seaward must have a(n) __________.
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You would expect to find channels marked with the IALA-A Buoyage System in __________.
You would expect to find channels marked with the IALA-A Buoyage System in __________.
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While preparing to enter a Brazilian port, you see ahead a red and green horizontally-striped buoy. The upper band is red. What action should you take?
While preparing to enter a Brazilian port, you see ahead a red and green horizontally-striped buoy. The upper band is red. What action should you take?
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In which country would you expect the channels to be marked with the IALA-B Buoyage System?
In which country would you expect the channels to be marked with the IALA-B Buoyage System?
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You are steaming along the coast of Ireland in the Irish Sea. You sight a lighted buoy with a white flashing light showing a group of two flashes. The buoy indicates you __________.
You are steaming along the coast of Ireland in the Irish Sea. You sight a lighted buoy with a white flashing light showing a group of two flashes. The buoy indicates you __________.
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What is characteristic of an occulting light?
What is characteristic of an occulting light?
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On a chart, the characteristic of the light on a lighthouse is shown as flashing white with a red sector. The red sector __________.
On a chart, the characteristic of the light on a lighthouse is shown as flashing white with a red sector. The red sector __________.
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The maximum distance at which a light may be seen under existing visibility conditions is called __________.
The maximum distance at which a light may be seen under existing visibility conditions is called __________.
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Under the IALA Buoyage System, preferred-channel-to-port or preferred-channel-to-starboard buoys, when fitted with lights, will show a __________.
Under the IALA Buoyage System, preferred-channel-to-port or preferred-channel-to-starboard buoys, when fitted with lights, will show a __________.
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You are steaming southward along the west coast of the United States when you sight a buoy showing a flashing green light. How should you pass this buoy?
You are steaming southward along the west coast of the United States when you sight a buoy showing a flashing green light. How should you pass this buoy?
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You are underway in the North Sea on course 216°T when you sight a buoy bearing 021° relative. Under the IALA Buoyage System, you are in the best navigable water if the buoy __________.
You are underway in the North Sea on course 216°T when you sight a buoy bearing 021° relative. Under the IALA Buoyage System, you are in the best navigable water if the buoy __________.
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Under the IALA-A and B Buoyage Systems, a buoy with alternating red and white vertical stripes indicates __________.
Under the IALA-A and B Buoyage Systems, a buoy with alternating red and white vertical stripes indicates __________.
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When a dual purpose marking is used, the mariner following the Intracoastal Waterway should be guided by the __________.
When a dual purpose marking is used, the mariner following the Intracoastal Waterway should be guided by the __________.
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The dividing meridian between zone descriptions +7 and +8 is __________.
The dividing meridian between zone descriptions +7 and +8 is __________.
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Study Notes
Buoys and Lighting Systems
- Preferred-channel buoys are not numbered.
- Red lights can appear on horizontally banded buoys.
- A preferred-channel buoy displays a composite group-flashing light (2 + 1) in red or green.
- Spherical buoys may be lettered.
- Buoys marking wrecks show a white light with a flashing characteristic of FL (2) and a topmark of two black spheres.
- Yellow buoys typically mark anchorage areas.
Navigation Rules
- When encountering a buoy with a red flashing light while heading south on the U.S. east coast, pass it to starboard.
- While leaving New York harbor, maintain course and leave a green can buoy to starboard.
- When inbound in a channel marked by a range at 309°T while steering 306°T, maintain course until the range closes, then turn right.
IALA Bouyage Systems
- Under IALA-A, safe water is indicated by a buoy with a spherical topmark.
- In the IALA Buoyage System, alternating red and green horizontal bands indicate the preferred channel.
- The IALA-B system uses red conical buoys to mark the starboard side of a channel.
- Countries using IALA-A include India, while Brazil and Peru use IALA-B.
Light Characteristics
- An isophase light has a characteristic of a 1-second flash followed by a 1-second eclipse.
- Occulting lights exhibit patterns such as 4 seconds on, 2 seconds off, then a sequence of 3 seconds on and 2 seconds off.
- Lights with red sectors warn of shoals or nearby land.
Time and Measurements
- Daylight savings time shifts one time zone to the east.
- The cycle period of a lighted aid is documented in the Light List.
Distances and Visibility
- Geographic range is the distance a light can be seen under perfect visibility, constrained by the Earth's curvature.
- Nominal range is the maximum visibility under 10 miles of sight.
- The luminous range is determined by existing visibility conditions.
Navigation Aids and Regulations
- The U.S. Coast Guard maintains federal aids to navigation.
- As vessels enter from seaward, buoy numbers increase, with even numbers on the starboard side.
- Dual purpose markings in the Intracoastal Waterway follow the shape of the yellow mark for guidance.
Critical Actions for Mariners
- When encountering a red and green horizontally striped buoy with the upper red band, alter course to starboard.
- In the North Sea, approach a buoy indicating best navigable water if it has a light characteristic of Q(6) + L Fl 15s.
- A buoy with alternating red and white vertical stripes signifies navigable water is available all around.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of navigation with this set of flashcards. Each card covers key concepts such as buoys, lights, and symbols used in maritime navigation. Perfect for students preparing for exams or professionals looking to refresh their skills.
