Navigation Aids and Instrument Approaches

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What is the primary distinction between precision and nonprecision approach aids?

Precision aids provide vertical guidance, while nonprecision aids do not. (correct)

Nonprecision aids are only used for en route navigation.

Precision aids are less accurate.

Nonprecision approach aids are more expensive to install.

All en route navigation aids can be used as nonprecision approach aids.

False

What is the role of the FAA in certifying navigation aids for instrument approaches?

The FAA checks the quality of navigation aids to determine their suitability for use as approach aids.

The FAA developed approach aids in response to the need for additional aids at airports that don't qualify for more expensive ______ aids.

precision Signup and view all the answers

Match the following navigation aid types with their respective categories:

VOR = Nonprecision Approach Aid RNAV = Nonprecision Approach Aid INS = Nonprecision Approach Aid LNAV/VNAV = Nonprecision Approach Aid NDB = Nonprecision Approach Aid LPV = Nonprecision Approach Aid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the glide slope critical area?

To keep the area clear of obstructions to ensure correct glide slope operation. Signup and view all the answers

Water-soaked ground and excessive snow can improve glide slope reflectivity.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency on which marker beacons transmit?

75 mHz Signup and view all the answers

The outer marker (OM) is typically located about ________ from the approach end of the runway.

5 miles Signup and view all the answers

What does an aircraft receive when it flies over the middle marker (MM)?

An amber light and a series of 1,300 Hz dots and dashes. Signup and view all the answers

Glide slope monitors are used to verify the signal is within the correct parameters.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the marker beacon with the aural signal it provides.

Outer marker (OM) = 400 Hz series of continuous dashes Middle marker (MM) = 1,300 Hz dots and dashes Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the glide slope monitors detect the radiation pattern is not within tolerance?

The glide slope transmitter is automatically shut down. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical decision altitude for an LNAV/VNAV approach?

250 to 350 feet above the runway Signup and view all the answers

LPV approaches can have decision altitudes as low as 200 feet above touchdown.

True Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the introduction of concrete runways at airports?

Increased weight of aircraft Signup and view all the answers

Visibility requirements for LNAV/VNAV approaches are generally 1 mile at airports without approach ______ systems.

lighting Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approach types with their characteristics:

LNAV/VNAV = Decision altitude approximately 250-350 feet above runway LPV = Similar to Category I ILS, with decision altitudes as low as 200 feet LAAS = Implementation being studied, could enable approaches similar to Category II/III ILS Rotating Beacons = Provided general location of airport Signup and view all the answers

What is the visibility requirement for LNAV/VNAV approaches at airports without approach lighting systems?

1 mile Signup and view all the answers

What are the two frequencies used to modulate the UHF signal for the glide slope?

90 and 150 Hz Signup and view all the answers

Airport boundary lighting was introduced to enable pilots to easily locate the cinder landing area.

True Signup and view all the answers

If an aircraft is below the desired glide path, the 90 Hz signal will predominate, causing the ILS needle to move up.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the typical length of concrete runways when they were initially constructed?

1 mile Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the glide slope reflecting area?

To reduce the height of the glide slope antenna mast. Signup and view all the answers

The area in front of the glide slope antenna where the signal is reflected is known as the glide slope ______ area.

reflecting Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical angle of the desired glide path above the horizontal at most installations?

3 degrees Signup and view all the answers

The glide slope antenna is omnidirectional, meaning it transmits in all directions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason false glide paths are created?

Reflection of the glide slope signal off the ground. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following signal characteristics with their associated effects on the ILS indicator:

Predominant 90 Hz signal = Horizontal needle moves down Predominant 150 Hz signal = Horizontal needle moves up Equal 90 and 150 Hz signals = Horizontal needle is centered Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an LNAV approach and an LNAV/VNAV approach?

LNAV/VNAV provides vertical guidance, while LNAV does not. Signup and view all the answers

LPV approaches provide a Category II ILS capability.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does APV stand for in the context of approach procedures?

Approach with Vertical Guidance Signup and view all the answers

LNAV is considered a _________ approach, with a minimum altitude of about 250 feet above obstacles along the flight path.

nonprecision Signup and view all the answers

Match the following approach types with their descriptions:

LNAV = Nonprecision approach using RNAV for lateral guidance. LNAV/VNAV = Precision approach with calculated vertical guidance. LPV = Precision approach using WAAS for accurate lateral and vertical guidance providing Category I ILS. APV = A class of approach procedures with calculated vertical guidance. Signup and view all the answers

An LNAV approach uses which type of guidance?

Only lateral guidance Signup and view all the answers

LNAV/VNAV approaches typically have higher minimums than LNAV-only approaches.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the new terminology for a GPS nonprecision approach?

LNAV Signup and view all the answers

What does the data converter in an RVR system transform light intensity measurements into?

Visibility value measured in feet Signup and view all the answers

An SDF approach provides glide path information, similar to an ILS.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical spacing between a projector and a detector in a Runway Visual Range (RVR) system, as mentioned in the content?

500 feet Signup and view all the answers

The three RVR installations are called the touchdown, midpoint, and ______ RVRs.

rollout Signup and view all the answers

Match the following navigation aids with their characteristics:

Runway Visual Range (RVR) = Measures visibility in feet Simplified Directional Facility (SDF) = Provides course guidance, but no glide path Localizer (ILS) = Provides course guidance and glide path Marker beacon = Used as part of an SDF approach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following obscuring phenomena can affect the light intensity received by an RVR detector?

Rain, fog, smoke, or haze Signup and view all the answers

An SDF final approach course is typically aligned with the runway, similar to an ILS localizer.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical frequency range that an SDF transmitter broadcasts on, according to the content?

108.10–111.95 mHz Signup and view all the answers

Navigation Aids and Instrument Approaches

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary distinction between precision and nonprecision approach aids?

All en route navigation aids can be used as nonprecision approach aids.

What is the role of the FAA in certifying navigation aids for instrument approaches?

The FAA developed approach aids in response to the need for additional aids at airports that don't qualify for more expensive ______ aids.

Match the following navigation aid types with their respective categories:

What is the purpose of the glide slope critical area?

Water-soaked ground and excessive snow can improve glide slope reflectivity.

What is the frequency on which marker beacons transmit?

The outer marker (OM) is typically located about ________ from the approach end of the runway.

What does an aircraft receive when it flies over the middle marker (MM)?

Glide slope monitors are used to verify the signal is within the correct parameters.

Match the marker beacon with the aural signal it provides.

What happens when the glide slope monitors detect the radiation pattern is not within tolerance?

What is the typical decision altitude for an LNAV/VNAV approach?

LPV approaches can have decision altitudes as low as 200 feet above touchdown.

What was the main reason for the introduction of concrete runways at airports?

Visibility requirements for LNAV/VNAV approaches are generally 1 mile at airports without approach ______ systems.

Match the following approach types with their characteristics:

What is the visibility requirement for LNAV/VNAV approaches at airports without approach lighting systems?

What are the two frequencies used to modulate the UHF signal for the glide slope?

Airport boundary lighting was introduced to enable pilots to easily locate the cinder landing area.

If an aircraft is below the desired glide path, the 90 Hz signal will predominate, causing the ILS needle to move up.

What was the typical length of concrete runways when they were initially constructed?

What is the purpose of the glide slope reflecting area?

The area in front of the glide slope antenna where the signal is reflected is known as the glide slope ______ area.

What is the typical angle of the desired glide path above the horizontal at most installations?

The glide slope antenna is omnidirectional, meaning it transmits in all directions.

What is the primary reason false glide paths are created?

Match the following signal characteristics with their associated effects on the ILS indicator:

What is the primary difference between an LNAV approach and an LNAV/VNAV approach?

LPV approaches provide a Category II ILS capability.

What does APV stand for in the context of approach procedures?

LNAV is considered a _________ approach, with a minimum altitude of about 250 feet above obstacles along the flight path.

Match the following approach types with their descriptions:

An LNAV approach uses which type of guidance?

LNAV/VNAV approaches typically have higher minimums than LNAV-only approaches.

What is the new terminology for a GPS nonprecision approach?

What does the data converter in an RVR system transform light intensity measurements into?

An SDF approach provides glide path information, similar to an ILS.

What is the typical spacing between a projector and a detector in a Runway Visual Range (RVR) system, as mentioned in the content?

The three RVR installations are called the touchdown, midpoint, and ______ RVRs.

Match the following navigation aids with their characteristics:

Which of the following obscuring phenomena can affect the light intensity received by an RVR detector?

An SDF final approach course is typically aligned with the runway, similar to an ILS localizer.

What is the typical frequency range that an SDF transmitter broadcasts on, according to the content?

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