NUR166 Chapters 29,30,33,39 Test 4
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of allopathic medicine?

  • Focusing on complementary and alternative medicine
  • Treating symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery (correct)
  • Prioritizing natural remedies and therapies
  • Emphasizing the holistic approach to healthcare

    • Which term is used interchangeably with allopathic medicine?

  • Integrative health
  • Conventional medicine (correct)
  • Complementary health approaches
  • Holistic nursing

    • In which situations is allopathic medical care particularly effective?

  • Psychological therapy
  • Chronic illness management
  • Emergency or acute situations (correct)
  • Preventive healthcare

    • What is the primary goal of holistic nursing?

    <p>Healing the whole person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophy focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole?

    <p>Holism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CHA stand for in the context of complementary and integrative health?

    <p>Complementary health approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of wound healing involves the formation of exudate, causing swelling and pain at the site of injury?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wound is unintentional and traumatic?

    <p>Abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of wound healing?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes an abnormal passage from an internal organ or vessel to the outside of the body, or from one internal organ or vessel to another?

    <p>Fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor predisposes a person to pressure injury formation by making poorly nourished cells more susceptible to damage?

    <p>Protein deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ulcers are associated with poor circulation and oxygenation of dermal structures?

    <p>Arterial ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line of defense against microorganisms?

    <p>Intact skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of wound healing involves capillaries growing across the wound and the formation of granulation tissue?

    <p>Proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can interfere with circulation and subsequent cell nourishment, predisposing a person to pressure injury formation?

    <p>Immobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical device?

    <p>Pressure injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ulcer may result from malnutrition and immobility, compounding the risk of its development in older adults?

    <p>Pressure ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of tissue forms a foundation for scar tissue development during the proliferation phase of wound healing?

    <p>Granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following relaxation techniques focuses on evoking pleasant images to replace negative or stressful feelings?

    <p>Guided imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of relaxation techniques?

    <p>To increase the parasympathetic system influence and reduce the effect of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mind and body practice aims to achieve unity and wholeness through physical movements, breathing practices, and relaxation practices/meditation?

    <p>Yoga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In meditation, what does a person learn to focus attention on?

    <p>Thoughts, feelings, and sensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical origin of yoga?

    <p>Ancient Indian philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which holistic nurse association promotes the education of nurses, other health care professionals, and the public in all aspects of holistic caring and healing?

    <p>AHNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of integrative care model combines the best of allopathic medicine and CHAs while avoiding harmful interactions?

    <p>&quot;Both CHAs and allopathic medicine&quot; care model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system of postures, exercises, breathing techniques, and visualization that is designed to restore the body’s innate intelligence for self-healing?

    <p>&quot;Healing system&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of meditation instructs the practitioner to become mindful of thoughts, feelings, and sensations in a nonjudgmental way?

    <p>&quot;Mindfulness meditation&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which relaxation technique involves using all five senses to imagine an event or body process unfolding according to a plan?

    <p>Guided imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tai Chi aim to be better than in reducing several cardiovascular disease risk factors and improving psychosocial well-being?

    <p>Brisk walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main practice involved in yoga in the United States?

    <p>The combination of physical movements, breathing practices, and relaxation practices/meditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a drug moves through the body and is eventually eliminated?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication order is carried out until cancelled by another order?

    <p>Standing order (routine order)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of insertion for an intramuscular injection at the ventrogluteal site?

    <p>90 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sublingual administration of medication?

    <p>To place the drug under the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing medications for injection, what should be done if there are signs of contraindications when mixing medications in one syringe?

    <p>Discard the mixed medications and do not administer to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For eye instillations and irrigations, in which direction should the medication be applied?

    <p>Inner to outer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should a patient be in for ear instillations and irrigations?

    <p>Lying on the side opposite to the ear being treated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before administering nasal instillations?

    <p>Wipe the top of the applicator with an alcohol pad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended sequence for mixing insulins in one syringe?

    <p>Clear, cloudy, clear, cloudy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important when administering vaginal applications of medication?

    <p>Provide privacy and education to make the patient comfortable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be advised to patients regarding altering dosages without consulting a physician?

    <p>They should not alter dosages without consulting a physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important caution regarding sharing medications?

    <p>The patient should not share medications with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of pressure injury involves full-thickness skin loss not involving underlying fascia?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for skin assessment in long-term settings?

    <p>Weekly for 4 weeks then quarterly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dressing maintains moisture for wound healing?

    <p>Moisture-maintaining dressings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of applying heat to tissues?

    <p>Reduces muscle tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the response to hot and cold treatments?

    <p>Patient's age and physical condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can cause constipation as a side effect?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be performed before changing the wound dressing?

    <p>Asking the patient about pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence for abdominal assessment?

    <p>Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patients are at high risk for constipation?

    <p>(Patients on bedrest or with decreased mobility)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for skin assessment in acute care settings?

    <p>Every shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drainage system is a Jackson-Pratt drain?

    <p>Closed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce blood viscosity and increase capillary permeability?

    <p>Applying heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy uses essential oils of plants to improve physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being?

    <p>Aromatherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which therapy is believed to flow vertically in the body through intricate meridians?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of chiropractic health care?

    <p>Alignment problems and pain alleviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy involves very thin, short, sterile needles at particular acupoints along a meridian?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy emphasizes that the lower the dose of the medication, the greater its effectiveness?

    <p>Homeopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is focused on improving energy abundance for people to deal with life in a complex society?

    <p>Naturopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy involves a profession that focuses on the relationship between the body’s structure and its functioning?

    <p>Chiropractic health care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The practice of which therapy has been utilized in the management of pain, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Aromatherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy addresses a person’s qi and consists of placing very thin, short, sterile needles at particular acupoints?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of pressure injuries with their descriptions:

    <p>Stage 1 = Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin Stage 2 = Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis Stage 3 = Full-thickness skin loss; not involving underlying fascia Stage 4 = Full-thickness skin and tissue loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the wound assessment components with their descriptions:

    <p>Appearance = Inspecting the visual characteristics of the wound Size of wound = Measuring the dimensions of the wound Depth of wound = Assessing how far down the wound extends into the tissue Presence of undermining, tunneling, or sinus tract = Checking for specific types of wound extensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the effects of applying heat with their descriptions:

    <p>Dilates peripheral blood vessels = Expands the small blood vessels away from the center of the body Increases tissue metabolism = Boosts the chemical reactions that occur in tissues Reduces blood viscosity and increases capillary permeability = Thins blood and enhances blood vessel leakiness Reduces muscle tension = Relaxes and loosens muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factors affecting bowel elimination with their descriptions:

    <p>Developmental considerations = Age-related factors affecting bowel control Daily patterns = The individual's routine activities impacting bowel habits Food and fluid = Dietary and hydration influences on bowel function Activity and muscle tone = Physical movement and muscle health affecting bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the abdominal assessment components with their descriptions:

    <p>Inspection = Visual examination for any abnormalities or signs of distention Auscultation = Listening for bowel sounds in different parts of the abdomen Percussion and palpation = Tapping and gentle pressing to assess internal structures and tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin is classified as stage 1 pressure injury.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Full-thickness skin and tissue loss is classified as stage 4 pressure injury.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep tissue pressure injury is characterized by persistent nonblanchable deep red, maroon, or purple discoloration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Applying heat helps dilate peripheral blood vessels and reduces muscle tension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antacids decrease gastrointestinal motility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tai Chi and Qi Gong

    • Originated in China, involving physical movement, mental focus, deep breathing, and relaxation.
    • Can be learned through streamed or in-person classes provided by various organizations offering training and certification for instructors.

    Acupuncture

    • Addresses the flow of qi (energy) through 12 primary meridians.
    • Involves thin, sterile needles placed at acupoints to restore balance between yin and yang, contributing to healing.
    • Used for pain reduction, smoking cessation, sleep disorders, and chemotherapy-related nausea.
    • Conventional medicine attributes its benefits to biochemical actions affecting nerve transmission and central nervous system modulation.

    Chiropractic Health Care

    • Focuses on the relationship between the spine and overall body function.
    • Practitioners perform spinal manipulations to correct misalignments and alleviate pain.
    • Research indicates benefits for low-back pain, headaches, neck pain, and joint conditions.

    Aromatherapy

    • Uses essential oils to improve physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
    • Influences the amygdala in the limbic brain, affecting emotional responses.
    • Essential oils can be antibacterial, calming, and energizing; commonly used oils include ginger for nausea and lavender for insomnia.
    • Certification for aromatherapy is available, with standards set by the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.

    Homeopathy

    • Developed in Germany over 200 years ago, differing from allopathic medicine by emphasizing symptom reversal.
    • Principles include “like cures like” and “law of minimum dose,” with remedies often highly diluted.
    • Individualized treatments tailored to patients' specific symptoms, though evidence for its effectiveness is limited.

    Naturopathy

    • Evolved from traditional European practices, focusing on the body's innate ability to heal itself.
    • Incorporates dietary changes, stress reduction, herbal treatments, and counseling.
    • Practiced by various healthcare professionals, including naturopathic physicians and traditional naturopaths.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Involves the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body.
    • Adverse drug reactions can include allergic effects, drug tolerance, and idiosyncratic effects.

    Medication Administration

    • Types of orders include standing, PRN (as needed), single, and stat (immediate).
    • Rights of medication administration include ensuring the right patient, medication, dosage, route, time, and documentation.

    Skin Integrity and Wound Care

    • Healthy skin protects against harmful agents; factors affecting skin integrity include age, nutrition, hydration, and circulation.
    • Types of wounds are categorized as intentional or unintentional, open or closed, acute or chronic.
    • Wound healing phases include hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation stages.

    Factors Affecting Pressure Injury Development

    • Nutrition, hydration, immobility, mental status, and age impact susceptibility to pressure injuries.
    • Older adults have higher risk due to aging skin and chronic diseases.

    Pressure Injury Stages

    • Localized damage to skin/tissue over bony prominences due to prolonged pressure.
    • Prevention strategies involve maintaining skin integrity through proper nutrition, hydration, and mobility.

    Integrative Health Care

    • Combines allopathic medicine with complementary health approaches (CHAs) to design personalized care plans.
    • Holism focuses on the interconnectedness of physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health aspects in patient care.### Holism and Complementary Health Approaches
    • Focus on connections between mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual realms of health.
    • Integrative health combines allopathic medicine with complementary health approaches (CHAs).

    Mind-Body Practices

    Relaxation Techniques

    • Promote parasympathetic nervous system activity to counteract stress responses.
    • Benefits include reduced anxiety, enhanced immune function, improved sleep, and decreased muscle tension.
    • Techniques: progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, deep breathing, autogenic training, biofeedback, self-hypnosis.
    • Choice of relaxation method should be tailored to individual patient needs.

    Meditation

    • Includes techniques like mantra meditation, mindfulness, and Zen practices.
    • Focus on achieving calmness, psychological balance, and physical relaxation through attention control.
    • Common elements: quiet location, comfortable posture, focus of attention, and an open mindset.

    Guided Imagery

    • Engages all five senses to evoke positive images, replacing negative thoughts.
    • Enhances relaxation by fully encoding imagined experiences in the mind and body.

    Yoga

    • A holistic practice with roots in ancient Indian philosophy, combining movement, breathing, and meditation.
    • Benefits range from increasing strength and flexibility to promoting healthy lifestyle habits and improving stress responses.
    • Styles: Iyengar (alignment), Kripalu (gentle), Ashtanga (synchronized breath and movement), Bikram (hot yoga with set poses).

    Qi Gong and Tai Chi

    • Qi Gong consists of exercises, breathing techniques, and visualization focused on enhancing systemic health and self-healing.
    • Tai Chi, derived from Qi Gong, effectively reduces cardiovascular disease risk and enhances psychosocial well-being through gentle movement and focus.

    Acupuncture

    • Involves inserting thin needles at specific acupoints to balance the flow of Qi through meridians.
    • Used for pain management, sleep disorders, and nausea, among others.
    • Biophysical effects include modulation of nerve transmission and parasympathetic activity.

    Chiropractic Care

    • Focuses on the anatomy of the spine and body structure-function relationships.
    • Spinal adjustments aim to alleviate pain and improve body functionality.
    • Effective for low-back pain and several musculoskeletal conditions.

    Aromatherapy

    • Utilizes essential oils to enhance physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
    • Influences the limbic system, affecting mood and emotional responses.
    • Oils like ginger for nausea and lavender for insomnia are commonly used.
    • Challenges include ensuring quality and safety of oils used in healthcare settings.

    Homeopathy

    • Developed in Germany over 200 years ago, focusing on treating patients with highly diluted remedies.
    • Principles include “like cures like” and “law of minimum dose,” with remedies tailored to individual conditions.
    • Limited evidence supports efficacy, but individualized treatment is a key feature.

    Naturopathy

    • Emerged from traditional European health practices emphasizing the body's ability to heal itself.
    • Naturopathic treatments focus on lifestyle changes, herbal medicine, and stress management.
    • Practiced by naturopathic physicians and traditional naturopaths in the U.S.### Medication Administration
    • Pharmacokinetics: Involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
    • Adverse Reactions: Include drug tolerance, toxic effects, idiosyncratic effects, allergic effects, and side effects.
    • Types of Medication Orders:
      • Standing order: Ongoing until canceled
      • PRN order: As needed
      • Single/one-time order
      • Stat order: Immediate action required

    Rights of Medication Administration

    • Right medication, patient, dosage, route, time, reason, assessment data, documentation, response, to education, and to refuse treatment.

    Oral Medications

    • Forms:
      • Solid: Tablets, capsules, pills
      • Liquid: Elixirs, spirits, suspensions, syrups
    • Administration Techniques:
      • Enteral route via tube
      • Sublingual: Under tongue
      • Buccal: Between cheek and tongue

    Parenteral Medication Administration

    • Injection Types: Subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous, intra-arterial, intracardiac, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, intraosseous.
    • Intramuscular Injection Sites: Ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis, deltoid muscle.
    • Preparation for Injection:
      • Ampules: Use a filter needle and sanitize the neck.
      • Vials: Clean tops; dispose of single-use vials properly.
      • Mixing Medications: Ensure no adverse reactions occur during mixing. Always follow proper insulin mixing protocols (cloudy, clear, clear, cloudy).

    Topical and Other Applications

    • Topical Administration: Applied to skin/mucous membranes; common for localized pain relief (e.g., Voltaren).
    • Eye Care: Instillations performed from inner to outer eye.
    • Ear Administration: Patient lies on opposite side to the ear being treated.
    • Nasal Administration: Clean applicator and ensure nostril is closed while inhaling medication.
    • Vaginal and Rectal Applications: Maintain privacy and comfort. Instruct patients on how to properly use applicators, and emphasize the need to retain rectal medications.

    Patient Education

    • Review medication administration techniques before discharge.
    • Emphasize adherence to prescribed duration of medication, dosage, and avoiding sharing medications.

    Skin Integrity and Wound Care

    • Skin Factors: Healthy skin acts as a barrier; resistance to injury affected by age, nutrition, and circulation.
    • Wound Types: Include intentional (surgical), unintentional (traumatic), neuropathic, vascular, pressure-related, and classified as open or closed.

    Wound Healing Principles

    • Intact skin and hand hygiene are critical for infection prevention.
    • Adequate blood supply and nutrition (particularly protein) are essential for healing.

    Phases of Wound Healing

    • Phase 1 (Hemostasis): Immediate response; involves blood vessel constriction and clotting.
    • Phase 2 (Inflammatory): Lasts 2-3 days; white blood cells cleanse the wound.
    • Phase 3 (Proliferation): New tissue formation; fibroblasts play a key role in filling the wound.
    • Phase 4 (Maturation): Remodeling of collagen occurs over weeks to months; scars form.

    Wound Complications

    • Risks include infection, hemorrhage, dehiscence, evisceration, and fistula formation.

    Risks for Pressure Injury Development

    • Nutrition: Poor nutrition (especially protein deficiency) increases vulnerability.
    • Immobility: Extended immobility heightens risk; healthy movement is protective.
    • Mental Status: Mental alertness aids in maintaining skin integrity.
    • Age: Older adults are more susceptible due to thinner, more fragile skin and underlying health issues.

    Pressure Injury Stages

    • Localized damage due to prolonged pressure often over bony prominences; can appear as intact skin or open sores.

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    Test your knowledge about the principles and techniques of naturopathic medicine, which focuses on supporting the body's ability to heal itself through various holistic approaches including dietary changes, stress reduction, herbal supplements, and more.

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