Nature and Well-being Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which theory suggests that nature restores depleted attention by engaging effortless attention mechanisms?

  • Perceptual Fluency Account
  • Biophilia Hypothesis
  • Attention Restoration Theory (correct)
  • Reasonable Person Model

Which of the following is NOT one of Seligman's reasons for teaching well-being in schools?

  • Enhances resilience and performance
  • Promotes lifelong happiness
  • Prevents mental illness
  • Increases academic rigor (correct)

The Eco-Existential Positive Psychology Framework focuses solely on enhancing physical well-being.

False (B)

Name one positive outcome of gardening projects mentioned in the content.

<p>Improved mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive Education aims solely at enhancing academic achievement without regard for emotional health.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Discover' phase in the 4D Model of Appreciative Inquiry involve?

<p>Identify strengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nature increases __________ by fostering community ties and facilitating social interactions.

<p>social well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

Active commuting methods such as walking and biking improve both physical and __________ health.

<p>mental</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following models or theories with their descriptions:

<p>Biophilia Hypothesis = Innate affinity for nature due to evolutionary factors Reasonable Person Model = Fosters mental clarity and decision-making Attention Restoration Theory = Engages effortless attention mechanisms Perceptual Fluency Account = Visual ease of processing in natural settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dimensions of human well-being with their descriptions:

<p>Being = Self-awareness and authenticity Having = Material possessions and social conditions Flow = Complete immersion in tasks Positive Deviance = Out-of-the-box approaches for improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lower socioeconomic status (SES) often leads to which of the following?

<p>Limited access to resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive Social Psychology emphasizes the significance of individual factors over social influences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicators focuses on sustainability?

<p>Gross National Happiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintaining order in public spaces is not linked to promoting community well-being.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a healthy workplace initiative?

<p>Workplace wellness programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one characteristic of a 'Flow' state in education.

<p>Clear goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension emphasizes the importance of relationships for well-being?

<p>Loving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chris Peterson's motto states that 'other people matter.'

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic psychological needs in Self-Determination Theory (SDT)?

<p>Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ dimension aligns with positive health and well-being because access to resources is essential for maintaining good health.

<p>having</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dimensions with their associated meanings:

<p>Being = Control over one’s actions Doing = A sense of effectiveness Loving = Connection with others Having = Access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of well-being involves emotional experiences such as happiness?

<p>Affective Well-Being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sustainability is not a key factor for long-term well-being.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between affective well-being and evaluative well-being?

<p>Affective well-being is linked to emotions; evaluative well-being involves broader life judgments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in Martela's theory of well-being?

<p>Fulfilling core human needs like meaning and authenticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Direct satisfaction of needs is about creating conditions for individuals to fulfill their own needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three key dimensions of well-being according to the content?

<p>Having, Loving, Doing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economically, fulfilling basic needs such as ______, ______, and ______ is crucial for well-being.

<p>food, shelter, security</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is associated with the 'Loving' dimension of well-being?

<p>Empathy and social connections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dimensions of well-being with their descriptions:

<p>Having = Material resources and economic security Loving = Meaningful relationships and social connections Doing = Activities that bring fulfillment and engagement Needs vs. Wants = Essential versus non-essential desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wants are considered essential for survival and emotional health.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motto is associated with Chris Peterson's positive psychology?

<p>Other people matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Original Three Pillars of Positive Psychology?

<p>Positive Emotions, Engagement, Meaning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic sustainability is primarily concerned with the well-being of the environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of community well-being in sustainability?

<p>It supports long-term ecological and social systems that enhance human flourishing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive psychology may become ineffective due to its over-emphasis on the ______.

<p>individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sustainability types with their primary focus:

<p>Economic Sustainability = Financial stability and resource distribution Environmental Sustainability = Long-term ecological systems Institutional Sustainability = Support for societal well-being Communal Sustainability = Enhancing community well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area has shown impressive growth in positive psychology research?

<p>Positive Emotions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Engagement refers to the experience of being deeply involved and absorbed in activities.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a risk for positive psychology?

<p>Neglecting larger societal and environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often neglected in positive psychology that significantly impacts well-being?

<p>Societal conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive psychology fully addresses the impact of external societal factors on individual well-being.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ancient Greek philosophers believe is necessary for achieving happiness?

<p>Contributing to society and engaging in virtuous actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive psychology's focus on internal traits may lead to an increase in __________.

<p>self-centeredness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their primary focus:

<p>Positive Psychology = Individual well-being and strengths Ancient Greek Philosophy = Collective well-being and virtuous actions Societal Self-Centeredness = Emphasis on personal happiness over social responsibility Holistic Approach to Well-Being = Recognition of both internal and external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an external factor affecting well-being?

<p>Chronic unemployment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive psychology encourages individuals to ignore systemic barriers and focus solely on their internal strengths.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed for a more holistic approach in positive psychology?

<p>Consideration of social, cultural, and environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biophilia Hypothesis

The idea that humans have an instinctive love and connection with nature, developed through our evolutionary history.

Perceptual Fluency Account

This theory suggests that our brains are wired to find nature calming because natural scenes are visually easy for our brains to process, leading to mental relaxation.

Attention Restoration Theory (ART)

This theory argues that nature allows our brains to rest and recover from the constant demands of modern life, by engaging effortless attention mechanisms.

Eco-Existential Positive Psychology Framework

This framework suggests that exposure to nature can help us cope with existential anxieties related to isolation, freedom, and death, by providing a sense of connection and purpose.

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Bronfenbrenner's Model of Social Ecology

This model suggests that well-being is influenced by multiple interconnected levels, from individual relationships to societal norms and the environment.

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Microsystem (Bronfenbrenner)

This refers to the immediate environment and relationships that directly impact our well-being, including family, friends, and school.

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Mesosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

This level in Bronfenbrenner's model focuses on the interactions between different microsystems, such as how family dynamics influence school performance.

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Exosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

This broad influence on well-being includes aspects like workplace policies and community resources, which can impact individuals even if they are not directly involved.

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Broken Windows Theory

The idea that maintaining order and reducing visible signs of crime in public spaces can prevent further crime and disorder.

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Alternative Growth Indicators

Measuring well-being beyond economic growth, focusing on happiness, sustainability, and social progress. Examples include Gross National Happiness Index and ecological indicators.

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Positive Education

An approach to education that integrates well-being and emotional intelligence alongside academic achievement, aiming to foster overall well-being in students.

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4D Model of Appreciative Inquiry

A framework for positive change that involves identifying strengths, envisioning an ideal future, and designing actions to reach that vision.

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Flow

The state of complete immersion in a task, characterized by clear goals, immediate feedback, and a balance between challenge and skill.

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Being

One of the four fundamental dimensions of human well-being, focusing on self-awareness, authenticity, and a sense of meaning and purpose in life.

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Having

One of the four fundamental dimensions of human well-being, referring to material possessions, social conditions, and resources like income, health, and security.

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Importance of a Theory of Well-Being

A theory of well-being that emphasizes the importance of understanding human flourishing and identifying the key components that contribute to a meaningful and fulfilling life.

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What are 'needs'?

Essential requirements for psychological and emotional health, such as social connection, competence, and autonomy. These are fundamental for well-being and survival.

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What are 'wants'?

Desires that may enhance life but aren't essential for survival. Examples include luxury items or entertainment.

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What is 'Direct Satisfaction' of needs?

Addressing needs directly, like providing social support to someone feeling lonely.

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What is 'Indirect Satisfaction' of needs?

Creating conditions that allow individuals to fulfill their own needs. Example: Building supportive communities where people connect and feel a sense of belonging.

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What is the 'Having' dimension of well-being?

The dimension of well-being focusing on material resources, economic security, access to healthcare, and overall quality of life.

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What is the 'Loving' dimension of well-being?

This dimension of well-being emphasizes meaningful relationships, social connections, family, friends, and romantic partners.

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What is the 'Doing' dimension of well-being?

This dimension of well-being focuses on activities that bring fulfillment, like work, hobbies, and creative pursuits.

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What is Martela's Theory of Well-being?

Martela's theory emphasizes that well-being is not just about accumulating wealth or success but fulfilling core human needs. It highlights the importance of purpose, relationships, and engagement with the world in meaningful ways.

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Economic Sustainability

Focuses on financial stability and resource distribution to ensure long-term well-being.

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Environmental, Institutional, and Communal Sustainability

Encompasses environmental, institutional, and communal aspects to support human flourishing.

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PP's Over-Emphasis on the Individual

Over-emphasis on the individual is a weakness of positive psychology.

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Engagement

Experiencing deep involvement in an activity, often leading to a state of flow.

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Positive Emotions

Cultivating positive emotions like happiness, joy, and gratitude positively impacts well-being.

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Potential Ineffectiveness of PP

Positive psychology risks missing larger social and cultural issues that affect well-being.

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What are the original three pillars of PP?

Positive Psychology's three pillars include positive emotions, engagement, and meaning.

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Loving Dimension of Wellbeing

A concept that emphasizes the importance of human connections and relationships for well-being.

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Chris Peterson's Motto

A motto that reflects the importance of other people in our lives and emphasizes the social nature of well-being.

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Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

A theory that suggests our well-being is influenced by fulfilling three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

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Autonomy (SDT)

The need to feel in control of your actions and make choices aligned with your values.

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Competence (SDT)

The need to feel capable and competent in your abilities and actions.

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Relatedness (SDT)

The need to feel connected to others, have close relationships, and feel loved and belonging.

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Affective Well-Being

The subjective feeling of positive emotion and a sense of well-being.

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Evaluative Well-Being

A cognitive assessment of one's overall life satisfaction and how well they perceive their life.

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Positive Psychology's Narrow Focus

Positive psychology often overlooks the significant influence of social and economic factors on well-being, focusing instead on internal traits like optimism and gratitude.

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Self-Centeredness in Positive Psychology

Positive psychology's emphasis on individual well-being can potentially promote a sense of self-centeredness, overlooking the importance of collective responsibility and contributing to society.

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Ignoring Systemic Barriers

Traditional positive psychology might overlook systemic barriers and external conditions that impact happiness, leading individuals to believe they are solely responsible for their well-being.

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Shifting towards External Influences

Instead of solely focusing on internal strengths, positive psychology should acknowledge and address external influences like economic stability, social justice, and community support to achieve greater well-being.

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Holistic Well-being

Positive psychology should consider how economic stability, social justice, and community support shape individual well-being, fostering a more comprehensive approach to promoting flourishing.

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Ancient Greek View on Happiness

Ancient Greek philosophers recognized that true happiness involved contributing to society and engaging in virtuous actions for the greater good, not just personal fulfillment.

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Potential for Overlooking Collective Responsibility

Positive psychology emphasizes individual growth and happiness, potentially neglecting collective responsibility and the importance of contributing to the common good.

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Beyond Individualism

Positive psychology should move beyond a solely individualistic approach to well-being and embrace a more holistic perspective, acknowledging the interconnectedness of individual and societal well-being.

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Study Notes

Nature and Well-being

  • Nature improves physical well-being by increasing fitness, reducing stress-related illnesses, and enhancing immune function.
  • Nature improves emotional well-being by reducing anxiety, increasing positive emotions, and decreasing depression symptoms.
  • Nature enhances social well-being by strengthening community ties and facilitating social interactions.

Theoretical Frameworks

  • Biophilia Hypothesis: Humans have an innate affinity for nature due to evolutionary factors.
  • Perceptual Fluency Account: Natural settings are easily processed visually, leading to mental relaxation.
  • Attention Restoration Theory (ART): Nature restores depleted attention by engaging effortless attention mechanisms.
  • Reasonable Person Model: Nature fosters mental clarity and decision-making.
  • Eco-Existential Positive Psychology Framework: Addresses existential anxieties (e.g., isolation, freedom, death) through nature's restorative effects.

Tripartite Model of Meaning

  • Coherence: Nature provides structure and predictability.
  • Significance/Mattering: Enhances a sense of belonging.
  • Purpose: Helps find direction through reflection and experience.

Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs)

  • Nature Walks: Structured outdoor walks promoting mindfulness.
  • Gardening Projects: Active engagement with plant care.
  • Outcomes: improved mood, reduced stress, increased physical vitality.

Positive Social Psychology

  • Critique of the "Pie Chart" Model of Well-being: Overemphasis on individual factors; neglects social and contextual influences.
  • Social Context and Well-being: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has increased exposure to stressors (e.g., financial instability) and limited access to resources (e.g., healthcare, support networks).
  • Focus of Positive Social Psychology: Enhancing well-being through social and cultural contexts.
  • Bronfenbrenner's Model of Social Ecology: Examines influences on well-being from interwoven microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems, and ecosystems.
  • Examples: Healthy workplace initiatives, workplace wellness programs, active commuting, and broken windows theory.
  • Alternative Growth Indicators: Focus on sustainability (e.g., Gross National Happiness, ecological indicators).

Positive Education

  • Positive Education and Positive Social Psychology: Encourages well-being alongside academic achievement.
  • Alternative indicators: Balance academic goals with emotional and social health.
  • Seligman's Reasons for Teaching Well-being in Schools: Prevents mental illness.

Being, Having, Loving, & Doing: A Theory of Human Well-Being

  • Importance of a Theory of Well-Being: Understanding human flourishing, guiding interventions, linking indicators to human nature, and clarifying dimensions for thriving
  • Four Fundamental Dimensions of Human Well-Being: Being, having, loving, and doing
    • Being: Self-awareness, authenticity, and purpose.
    • Having: Material possessions and social conditions.
    • Loving: Meaningful relationships and social connections.
    • Doing: Activities/actions that fulfill one's needs.

Dimensions and Well-being

  • "Having" Dimension: Economic security, healthcare, material resources.
  • "Loving" Dimension: Importance of relationships for well-being.
  • Basic Psychological Needs in Self-Determination Theory (SDT): Autonomy, competence, and relatedness; these align with Being, Doing, and Loving perspectives.
  • "Having" and "Positive Health and Well-Being": Access to resources (e.g., financial security, healthcare) is essential for maintaining well-being

Sustainability Considerations

  • Well-being must be sustained through ongoing fulfillment of needs, with meaning and relationships being crucial.
  • Economic considerations must support individual needs (e.g., income, security), and societal well-being (e.g., social safety nets, equality).
  • Environmental, institutional, and communal sustainability focus on long-term ecological and social systems that support human flourishing.

Positive Psychology Critiques

  • Over-emphasis on the individual: Neglects collective and societal factors.
  • Lack of focus on social structures: Misses larger social issues.
  • Ignoring broader contexts: Ignores societal and ecological contexts.
  • Neglecting societal problems: Fails to address societal issues like inequality/poverty.
  • Over-emphasis on positive emotion: Ignores complexity of human experiences.
  • Lack of attention to meaningful social change: Misses the opportunity for larger social change.

Regenerative Positive Psychology (RPP)

  • Addresses issues of social justice, sustainability, and collective well-being.
  • Interconnectedness between individual and broader societal factors (e.g., Environmental sustainability, social justice).
  • Key aspects of RPP: Sustainability, social justice, and collective well-being.

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