Nature and Inquiry of Research
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Questions and Answers

Research is simply informative when making notes and writing a documented paper.

False (B)

Research is about transporting facts from one location to another.

False (B)

Rummaging through personal records or a library is considered research.

False (B)

The phrase 'years of research' on product labels is a true representation of the research process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of formal research?

<p>To enhance our understanding of a phenomenon and communicate the findings to the scientific community</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?

<p>Subjectivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research aims to increase your knowledge about a specific topic?

<p>Pure Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research aims to find out the feasibility of conducting a research study on a specific topic?

<p>Exploratory Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research uses words rather than numbers to express results?

<p>Qualitative Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative research uses measurable data, whereas qualitative research uses descriptive data.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach uses data gathered through structured interviews, questionnaires, and observational checklists?

<p>Scientific Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The naturalistic research approach explores subjective experiences and perceptions in a natural setting.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the research process?

<p>Observation and Inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis?

<p>To provide a tentative solution or guess for the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The research process is a linear progression of steps.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary aims of ethical conduct in research?

<p>Knowledge, truth, and the avoidance of error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have ethical guidelines for authorship in research?

<p>To protect intellectual property, encourage collaboration, and ensure credit for contributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethical guidelines for research are only relevant when public funds are involved.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT considered an ethical principle in research?

<p>Creativity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Researchers should strive to avoid any kind of bias in their research.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative research focuses on generating a narrative description of the research process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research is more likely to use interviews and observations than questionnaires.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative research often uses a fixed structure for data collection, while qualitative research tends to be more flexible.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research explores the relationship between variables?

<p>Correlational Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research is always subjective and biased.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantitative research is always objective and unbiased.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research can be both quantitative and qualitative.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research

A systematic process for gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to understand a phenomenon.

Information Gathering

Collecting facts or data, often from sources like libraries or the internet; not research itself.

Fact Transcription/Organization/Summarization

Copying, arranging, or condensing facts, not analyzing or interpreting them.

Pure Research

Research focused on concepts, principles, and abstract ideas; increasing knowledge.

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Applied Research

Research aimed at solving practical problems or improving society.

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Descriptive Research

Research that aims to describe or portray a person, thing, event, group, or situation.

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Correlational Research

Research that identifies relationships between variables.

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Explanatory Research

Research that explains the reasons and processes behind relationships between variables.

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Exploratory Research

Research to determine if further research on a topic is worthwhile.

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Action Research

Research focused on improving an existing practice or system.

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Qualitative Research

Research using non-numerical data (words, images) to understand thoughts, feelings, and views.

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Quantitative Research

Research using numerical data to measure and analyze variables.

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Primary Data

Original data gathered through direct observation or contact with a source.

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Secondary Data

Data already collected and reported by others.

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Scientific Approach

Research method focusing on impersonal observation, measurement, and control of variables.

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Naturalistic Approach

Research method focused on understanding how people perceive and experience the world.

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Triangulation Approach

Research method combining multiple research approaches and methods.

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Research Process

A systematic series of steps in conducting research.

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General Problem Statement

A broad statement defining the overall issue to be examined.

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Specific Problem Statements

Statements of the smaller, more focused issues within a general research problem.

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Hypothesis

A tentative solution or explanation for a problem, often based on preliminary data.

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Research Ethics

Moral principles and standards guiding research conduct.

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Study Notes

Nature and Inquiry of Research

  • Research means finding information and documenting it.
  • It involves gathering information from various sources, like the internet and libraries.

What Research Is Not

  • Research is not simply gathering information.
  • It's not just copying facts from one place to another.
  • It's not just looking for information; it needs analysis and conclusions.
  • It's not about grabbing attention with the term "years of research."

What Research Is

  • Research is a systematic process.
  • It's about collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to understand phenomena.
  • Formal research aims to enhance understanding and share findings with the scientific community.
  • It's a process of investigation to prove the accuracy or validity of claims.
  • It utilizes various thinking strategies to discover the truth about research subjects. (Litchman 2013)

Importance of Research

  • Research gathers knowledge on subjects with limited understanding.
  • It helps correct and expand perceptions.
  • It develops and evaluates concepts, practices, and theories.
  • It leads to practical knowledge, like addressing issues like population growth, drug use, or juvenile delinquency.
  • In business, research aids in product testing and effective market distribution.

Characteristics of Research

  • Accuracy: Data must be correct and properly documented.
  • Objectivity: Research focuses on facts, not opinions or assumptions.
  • Timeliness: The research topic should be relevant to current society.
  • Relevance: Its impact on society and problem-solving should be considered.
  • Clarity: The subject should be expressed using simple, concise language.
  • Systematic: The research approach should be organized and methodical.

Purposes of Research

  • Independent learning and methodical inquiry.
  • Deeper understanding of topics.
  • Strengthening mental acuity (higher-order thinking strategies).
  • Improvement in reading and writing skills.
  • Familiarity with research tools and data gathering techniques.
  • Avoiding reliance on single viewpoints or teachings.

Types of Research

  • Based on Application:
    • Pure Research: Aims to increase knowledge about concepts and principles.
    • Applied Research: Applies research to societal issues or problems.
  • Based on Purpose:
    • Descriptive Research: Describes a person, thing, event, or group.
    • Exploratory Research: Finds out whether or not to pursue a research topic.
    • Correlational Research: Shows the relationship between variables.
    • Explanatory Research: Shows the reasons for a relationship.
    • Action Research: Studies ongoing practices to find solutions.

Approaches to Research

  • Scientific or Positive: Discovers and measures information through observation and control.
  • Naturalistic: Deals with qualitative data, explores how people perceive their surroundings, and happens in natural settings.

Triangulation Approach

  • Combines scientific and naturalistic approaches.
  • Allows for multiple methods and different angles in gathering and examining data.

The Research Process

  • Research follows a cycle.
  • Starts with a question and observation.
  • Formulates a general and specific problem statement.
  • Collects preliminary data.
  • Develops hypotheses (guesses to be tested).
  • Collects data systematically.
  • Processes data interpretation.
  • Makes findings that support or reject the hypothesis.

Ethics of Research

  • Research ethics are important and necessary.
  • Promote knowledge, truth, and the avoidance of error.
  • Enhance collaboration, trust, accountability, respect, and fairness.
  • Promote public support and trustworthiness of the research. (Resnik 2015)

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

  • Qualitative research focuses on understanding the "why" through subjective perspectives.
  • Quantitative research focuses on measuring the "what" with objective and measurable data.
  • Qualitative research frequently involves small samples, subjective description, and detailed interpretation of data.
  • Quantitative research involves larger samples, statistical analysis and the use of data.

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PR1 Unit 1: Nature and Inquiry of Research PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental principles of research, including what it entails and what it does not. It emphasizes the systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to understand various phenomena. Gain insights into the importance of research and its role in advancing knowledge.

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