Natural Selection and Coat Color in Mice

What is the main focus of the lecture on genomics?

The genetic basis for phenotypic variation in closely related species (correct)
The consequences of genomics for evolutionary biology
The interpretation of exam content
The differences in beak size among G.fortis and G. scandens

What is the purpose of a QTL analysis?

To study the differences in beak size among G.fortis and G. scandens
To analyze the genetic basis for phenotypic variation in closely related species (correct)
To look at the genomics place in evolutionary biology
To interpret exam content

Why is the genetic basis for phenotypic variation considered limited in resolution?

Because it only works well when there are two forms of a trait
Because it cannot tell us about natural selection
Because it is difficult to interpret exam content accurately
Because it is not specific to individual genes (correct)

What is the significance of the differences in beak size among G.fortis and G. scandens?

It demonstrates the impact of natural selection on beak size (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'genomic basis' refer to?

Patterns in whole genome, not actually specific (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does natural selection impact beak size in G.fortis and G. scandens?

It results in differences in beak size based on environmental factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the text?

The process of natural selection and evolution. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which habitat did the mice exhibit sand-colored coats?

White sands. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of studying the frequency of different EDA alleles in sticklebacks?

To determine the impact of environmental changes on allele frequency. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a selective sweep result in?

A decrease in genetic diversity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a hard sweep and a soft sweep?

The impact on genetic variation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does linkage disequilibrium affect genetic analysis?

It complicates determining associations between genes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Fst measure in genetic analysis?

The genetic divergence between populations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of reduced genetic variation?

Increased adaptability to new environments. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do soft sweeps mainly involve?

"Contributing to" alleles causing phenotypic effects. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a genetic marker?

A DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) experiment?

To analyze the genetic basis of complex traits and their association with genomic regions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using genetic markers in association studies?

They provide a way to track specific genomic regions associated with traits (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the EDA gene in stickleback fish?

It influences plate development and variation in stickleback fish (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genomic association studies?

To understand the relationship between specific genomic regions and phenotypic traits (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the QTL technique differ from traditional Mendelian genetics?

QTL technique involves mapping genes associated with complex traits, while traditional genetics studies simple traits (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do genetic markers aid in allele frequency studies?

They assist in identifying specific genomic regions responsible for allele frequency differences (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gene flow in shaping genetic variation within populations?

Gene flow leads to an increase in genetic diversity within populations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of COL4A5 gene in studying beak length variations in birds?

It affects beak length variations among different bird species. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when all individuals are homozygous for a specific gene?

There is no genetic variation at that locus within the population. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'recombination' refer to in the context of genetics?

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of gene flow?

The transfer of genetic material from one population to another (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible result of gene flow?

Hybridization between timerata and amarylsis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the gene flow process in heliconius butterflies?

They have different topology suggesting hybridization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do the wing colour patterns in heliconius species indicate?

Hybridization (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main evidence for gene flow in heliconius butterflies?

Similarity in appearance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the hybridization between timerata and amarylsis?

Different topology indicating hybridization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gene flow in the transfer of genetic material between populations?

The transfer of genetic material from one population to another (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way are the genes between timerata and amarylsis different from expectations?

Different topology suggesting hybridization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible outcome when species are hybridizing?

Different topology indicating hybridization (B) Signup and view all the answers