Natural Resources - Chapter 14
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main components of the biosphere?

  • Biotic and abiotic components (correct)
  • Soil and water
  • Living things and air
  • Plants and animals

What role does the atmosphere play in temperature regulation on Earth?

  • It allows complete heat loss at night
  • It cools the earth to extremes
  • It increases temperature during the day
  • It maintains a steady average temperature (correct)

Which gases are primarily found in the composition of air?

  • Methane, carbon monoxide, and oxygen
  • Nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen
  • Hydrogen, helium, and oxygen
  • Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (correct)

How does the presence of an atmosphere affect temperature on the Moon?

<p>It has no effect on temperature since it's absent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atmosphere prevent during the daytime?

<p>Sudden increase in temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is initiated in the atmosphere as a result of heating?

<p>Convection currents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What keeps the heat close to the Earth's surface during the night?

<p>The atmosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which planet's atmosphere primarily consists of carbon dioxide, indicating no life?

<p>Venus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environment will generally heat up faster, land or sea?

<p>Land (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to measure the temperature in the shade?

<p>To avoid direct sunlight affecting the reading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an incense stick is kept near the mouth of a lit candle, what is the expected direction of smoke flow?

<p>Towards the flame of the candle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the temperature of air in a closed glass vessel compared to open air?

<p>The closed vessel will get hotter due to trapped heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the heating rates of sand and water?

<p>Sand heats up faster than water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the activity of lighting a candle and incense stick demonstrate about convection currents?

<p>Convection currents can be visualized with smoke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment to test cooling rates, what would likely be the relationship between sand and water?

<p>Sand cools down faster than water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would likely happen to the readings of air temperature in an open space during sunny weather compared to shaded areas?

<p>Higher in the open space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes air to rise above the land during the day?

<p>Land gets heated faster than water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when the air above land heats more rapidly than the air above water?

<p>Creation of low pressure regions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the day, which direction does the wind generally blow in coastal regions?

<p>From sea to land. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the air above water tend to remain warmer at night compared to the air above land?

<p>Water retains heat longer than land. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of air movement from regions of high pressure to low pressure?

<p>Development of winds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the process of wind formation as described in the content?

<p>Pressure differences in the air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which part of a 24-hour cycle does the air above the land generally cool faster than the air above water?

<p>Sunset. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential result of the uneven heating of air in terms of weather phenomena?

<p>Formation of storms and extreme weather. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of adding undesirable substances to water bodies?

<p>Decreased variety of plants and animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source of pollution could contribute to lower biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems?

<p>Runoff from agricultural fields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In regions with differing rainfall, where is it likely to find a greater variety of living organisms?

<p>Regions receiving 200 cm of rainfall annually (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical substance is primarily affected by the removal of desirable components from water bodies?

<p>Dissolved oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is specifically mentioned as a causal factor in cholera outbreaks in polluted water?

<p>Vibrio cholerae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to aquatic life if the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases?

<p>Adverse effects on survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which potential source of pollution is NOT outlined in the content?

<p>Plastic waste from households (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of nutrients besides oxygen might be depleted in polluted water bodies?

<p>Other essential nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental concern regarding the ozone layer?

<p>Certain molecules are thought to damage it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is typically associated with the greenhouse effect?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the water cycle, which state is NOT typically a phase that water undergoes?

<p>Dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two forms of oxygen are found in the atmosphere?

<p>Dioxygen and ozone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does uneven heating of air play in the environment?

<p>It contributes to wind formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human activity can lead to an increase in carbon dioxide content in the air?

<p>Deforestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary source of energy for life on Earth?

<p>Energy from the Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of water evaporation from water bodies?

<p>It contributes to rainfall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for reactions within our body to occur?

<p>Dissolved substances in water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do terrestrial life-forms require fresh water?

<p>Because they cannot tolerate saline water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the levels of polluting substances near roads compared to those away from roads?

<p>Higher levels of pollution are found near roads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the atmosphere function for living organisms?

<p>It provides a blanket that regulates temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does water play in the transportation of substances within the body?

<p>It dissolves and transports substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In studying the impact of human activities on air pollution, what is an effective method?

<p>Determining animal and plant diversity near a water-body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of water as a substance on Earth?

<p>It covers a large area of the Earth's surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of decreased availability of water in terrestrial ecosystems?

<p>Decline in plant and animal diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biosphere's biotic component

Living things in the biosphere.

Biosphere's abiotic component

Non-living things, like air, water, and soil, in the biosphere.

Composition of air

Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

Atmosphere's role in temperature regulation

The atmosphere helps keep Earth's temperature stable by trapping heat and preventing extreme temperature fluctuations.

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Effect of no atmosphere on temperature

Without an atmosphere, temperature variations are much greater (e.g., in space).

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Convection currents

Air movement caused by temperature differences, leading to heat distribution.

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Earth's atmosphere composition difference

Earth's atmosphere differs from that of planets like Venus and Mars, which have higher carbon dioxide levels.

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Atmospheric heating

The atmosphere can be heated from below by radiation reflected or re-radiated from land and water.

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Convection Currents

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).

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Temperature Measurement

Measuring temperature accurately is crucial to understand heat transfer.

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Land vs. Sea Heating

Land heats up faster than water in sunlight.

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Air Temperature vs. Surface Temperature

Temperature of air is measured differently than the temperature of the material.

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Closed vs. Open Air Temperature

Temperature in closed spaces (e.g., a bottle) differs from open air.

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Cooling Rates

Different materials cool down at different rates.

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Incense Smoke Flow

Smoke direction depends on the heat source's location.

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Importance of Shade

Measuring temperature in shade minimizes the effect of direct sunlight on the reading.

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Wind Formation

Winds are created by the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, often due to uneven heating of the Earth's surface.

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Uneven Heating

The Earth's surface heats up at different rates (land vs. water), creating pressure differences which drive winds.

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Daytime Winds

During the day, winds blow from the sea to the land due to the warmer air over land rising, creating a low pressure area.

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Nighttime Winds

At night, winds blow from land to sea because the land cools down faster, causing the air above the sea to be warmer and rise.

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Low Pressure Area

A region where air pressure is lower than surrounding areas; air tends to rise.

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High Pressure Area

A region where air pressure is higher than surrounding areas; air tends to sink.

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Air Movement

Air moves to even out the imbalances created by temperature differences and pressure differences.

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Temperature Differences

These differences are pivotal in creating pressure imbalances in the atmosphere, thereby driving wind.

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Water Availability Impact

The amount of available water affects the types and numbers of plants and animals that can live in a specific area.

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Rainfall and Biodiversity

Regions with higher rainfall generally have a greater variety and abundance of living organisms.

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Water Pollution

Adding harmful substances to water bodies, like fertilizers, pesticides, or heavy metals.

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Water Quality and Organisms

Changes in water quality, like reduced dissolved oxygen or nutrient levels, hurt the organisms living in it.

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Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygen in water needed for aquatic plants and animals to survive.

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India's Biodiversity

Different regions of India have varying rainfall amounts, affecting the types and numbers of living things there.

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Harmful Substances in Water

Fertilizers, pesticides, and other harmful chemicals can seriously damage water bodies.

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Desirable Removal

Removing useful substances (like dissolved oxygen), harms the plants and animals in the water body.

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Water's role in cells

All cellular processes happen in a water medium. Reactions and substance transport occur in dissolved forms.

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Terrestrial water needs

Land animals and plants need fresh water because their bodies can't handle high salt levels in saltwater.

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Pollutant levels near roads

A comparison of pollutant levels can be made by observing the lichen incidence near/away from roads.

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Atmosphere vs. Earth's other planets

Earth's atmosphere is different from Venus' and Mars' atmospheres, which have higher carbon dioxide levels.

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Atmosphere as a blanket

The atmosphere acts like a blanket, regulating Earth's temperature by trapping heat.

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Cloud formation

Clouds form through processes involving water vapor condensation.

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Human air pollution activities

Listing three human activities associated with air pollution.

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Biodiversity comparison

Compare the number of different animal and plant species in a water area vs. a dry area.

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Water Cycle States

Water exists in solid (ice), liquid (water), and gaseous (water vapor) states during the water cycle.

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Ozone Layer Hole

A thinning region in the ozone layer, often found over Antarctica, allowing more harmful UV radiation to reach Earth.

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Ozone Layer Damage

Certain molecules, such as CFCs, are known to damage the ozone layer by reacting with ozone molecules.

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Oxygen-Nitrogen Compounds

Examples include nitrates and nitrites, vital for biological processes.

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Greenhouse Effect

The natural process where the atmosphere traps heat, keeping Earth's temperature suitable for life.

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Atmospheric Oxygen Forms

Oxygen exists in two forms: molecular oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3).

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Carbon Dioxide Increase

Burning fossil fuels and deforestation are human activities that raise atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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Uneven Heating (Winds)

Differential heating of land and water generates wind patterns due to pressure imbalances.

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Study Notes

Natural Resources - Chapter 14

  • Earth is the only planet known to support life as we know it
  • Life needs factors like suitable temperature, water, and food
  • Earth's resources include land (lithosphere), water (hydrosphere), and air (atmosphere)
  • The biosphere is where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere interact, supporting life
  • The atmosphere is a mixture of gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor)
  • Venus and Mars have mainly carbon dioxide in their atmospheres
  • Oxygen is needed for many life-form activities (cellular respiration)
  • Carbon dioxide is produced by these processes as well as combustion
  • Despite human and natural activities, carbon dioxide is a small portion of Earth's atmosphere
  • Green plants and marine organisms regulate the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
  • The atmosphere acts as a blanket, regulating Earth's temperature
  • Earth's temperature varies less due to its atmosphere than other bodies (e.g., moon)
  • Land heats faster than water
  • Convection currents in air are due to uneven heating
  • Wind is the movement of air, driven by uneven heating and other factors
  • Water evaporates and moves through the atmosphere; rainfall is part of the water cycle
  • Rainfall patterns are affected by prevailing wind patterns
  • Various factors influence and determine the types of soil
  • Soil is a mixture of rock particles, humus (decayed organic matter), and microscopic organisms
  • Soil quality is influenced by nutrient content, humus, and depth
  • The roots of plants help prevent soil erosion
  • Humans activities increase air pollution (e.g., burning fossil fuels)
  • Excessive pollutants can harm living things
  • The water cycle involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
  • Water is essential for all life processes
  • Water pollution can occur from various sources (e.g., fertilisers, pesticides, industrial waste)

The Atmosphere's Role in Climate Control

  • The atmosphere acts like a blanket, regulating Earth's temperature
  • Air is a poor heat conductor, preventing rapid temperature changes
  • The atmosphere keeps average temperatures stable throughout the day and year
  • The moon, lacking an atmosphere, experiences extreme temperature fluctuations
  • Air heated by land or water rises, creating areas of low pressure
  • Cooler air moves in to fill the low-pressure areas, causing wind

Water Pollution

  • Fertilizers and pesticides used in farming can pollute water bodies
  • Sewage, industrial waste, and cooling water released into rivers or lakes can contaminate water
  • Excessive use of water resources can deplete freshwater supplies in some
  • Various activities affect the quality of the air, water, and soil

The Greenhouse Effect

  • Gases like carbon dioxide trap heat, causing global warming
  • An increase in specific gases like carbon dioxide can lead to higher global temperatures

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Natural Resources Chapter 14 PDF

Description

Explore the vital components of Earth's natural resources in this quiz focused on Chapter 14. Learn about the interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere that support life. Understand the role of gases, temperature regulation, and the impact of human activities on Earth's environment.

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