Natural Resources and Industries Overview
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes renewable resources from non-renewable resources?

  • Non-renewable resources can be replaced by natural processes.
  • Non-renewable resources can be regenerated if used sustainably.
  • Renewable resources are limited and cannot be replaced.
  • Renewable resources can be regenerated if used carefully. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a flow resource?

  • Minerals
  • Wind (correct)
  • Fish stocks
  • Coal

Which category does not fit into renewable, non-renewable, or flow resources?

  • Fossil fuels
  • Biomass
  • Rocky mountains (correct)
  • Solar energy

What is the primary sector of the economy focused on?

<p>Extracting raw materials from the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes ecological footprint?

<p>The total area needed to sustain natural resource use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a carbon tax?

<p>To encourage the use of cleaner energy sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which resource is categorized as non-renewable?

<p>Oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the secondary sector, what process occurs?

<p>Processing primary-industry products into finished goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of 'Dutch Disease' on a country's currency?

<p>Rise in the currency's value due to natural resource exports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of globalization?

<p>Causes cultural homogenization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is currently referred to as the 'world's factory'?

<p>China (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a trade deficit indicate about a country’s trade?

<p>It imports more than it exports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tariff?

<p>To make foreign goods more expensive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the Human Development Index (HDI)?

<p>It assesses health, knowledge, and standard of living (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agreement is now referred to as USMCA?

<p>North American Free Trade Agreement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding labor costs in East Asia?

<p>Labor costs are increasing, reducing the ability to produce cheap products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of tertiary industries?

<p>They provide specialized services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of industry involves selling goods or services to local consumers?

<p>Non-basic industry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of reducing resource consumption?

<p>It has the greatest resource savings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does outsourcing typically have on the local labor market?

<p>It leads to a decline in employment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to a decline in manufacturing?

<p>Availability of raw materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the multiplier effect describe in an economy?

<p>The increase in wealth when new money is injected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following businesses represents a quaternary industry?

<p>A research and development department (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a basic industry?

<p>An oil drilling company exporting crude oil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a significant factor influencing the location of manufacturing plants?

<p>Proximity to raw materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major challenge faced by the forestry industry in Canada?

<p>Wildfires contributing to global warming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the three Rs—reducing, reusing, and recycling—impact the environment?

<p>They can enhance resource conservation and reduce pollution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most directly influenced by governmental policies in manufacturing?

<p>Political factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a non-basic industry?

<p>An industry providing services within the local community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of utilizing the three Rs effectively?

<p>It significantly reduces waste and conserves resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished naturally over time, like forests, soil, and fish stocks.

Non-Renewable Resources

Resources that are finite and cannot be replaced once used, like fossil fuels and minerals.

Flow Resources

Resources that are constantly replenished by natural processes, like sunlight, wind, and water currents.

Ecological Footprint

A measure of the amount of land and resources needed to support a person's lifestyle. It reflects the impact of their consumption on the environment.

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Primary Industry

Industries that extract raw materials from the earth or water, such as mining, forestry, farming, and fishing.

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Secondary Industry

Industries that take raw materials and process them into finished products, like car assembly plants and factories.

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Carbon Tax

A tax levied on companies or individuals for the carbon dioxide they release into the atmosphere, aiming to encourage cleaner and more sustainable energy practices.

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Renewable Energy Tax Credit

A fee charged for using renewable energy, aiming to encourage its use and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

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Dutch Disease

The value of a country's currency rises because of the growth of exports of natural resources, such as oil or mining products.

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Branch Plant

A plant or factory in Canada belonging to a company whose headquarters are in another country.

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Human Development Index (HDI)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living.

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Tariff

A tax applied to imported goods that is designed to protect domestic manufacturers by making foreign goods more expensive.

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Trade Deficit

A situation where a country imports more goods than it exports, resulting in more money being spent on foreign goods than earned from selling domestic goods.

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Trade Surplus

A situation where a country exports more goods than it imports, resulting in less money being spent on foreign goods than earned from selling domestic goods.

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Free Trade

International trade without tariffs or barriers to trade.

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Globalization

A trend towards greater interconnectedness of the world's financial, economic, technological, political, cultural, sociological, ecological and geographical systems.

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Tertiary Industry

Providing services to others, like doctors, lawyers, and teachers. They support primary and secondary industries and society.

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Quaternary Industry

Highly specialized knowledge-based or technological services, like research and development, computer programming, and accounting.

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Basic Industry

Industries that supply raw materials or products to manufacture other goods. They sell goods or services to people outside of the local community, bringing new money into the area.

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Non-Basic Industry

Industries that provide services within the community, selling goods or services to people locally. They recycle existing money within the local economy.

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Multiplier Effect

The increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into the economy, often due to basic industries.

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Reducing (3 Rs)

Using less of a resource, creating fewer items. This saves the most resources.

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Reusing (3 Rs)

Using an item again, like a reusable water bottle. Saves more resources than recycling.

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Recycling (3 Rs)

Breaking down materials for reuse, like paper or plastic. Saves some resources, but not as much as reusing.

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Forestry

A renewable resource, constantly replenishing, with different types found in Canada like boreal, coastal, and mixed forests.

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Wildfires (Forestry)

A major challenge for forestry. They can cause pollution and contribute to global warming.

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Outsourcing

Moving a part of a company's operations to another country to take advantage of cheaper labor or less strict regulations.

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Canadian Manufacturing Decline

A decline in manufacturing jobs in Canada, due to factors like outsourcing and economic cycles.

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Comparative Advantage

Having the ability to produce goods or services at a lower cost than other locations. Canada has comparative advantage in resources and agriculture.

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Canadian Dollar (Expensive Loonie)

The Canadian dollar, which has been high in value (expensive loonie) in recent years.

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United States (Canadian Exports)

A major customer for Canadian exports, accepting almost three quarters of our goods.

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Study Notes

Natural Resources

  • Renewable Resources: Resources that can be regenerated if used carefully. Examples include soil, forests, and fish stocks.
  • Non-Renewable Resources: Resources that are limited and cannot be replenished once used. Examples include fossil fuels (coal) and minerals.
  • Flow Resources: Resources replaced by natural processes, needed when and where they occur. Examples include solar energy, water (streams, rivers, ocean currents), and wind.
  • Other Resources: Resources not fitting the above categories. Examples include the Northern Lights, Rocky Mountains, and Niagara Falls.
  • Ecological Footprint: A measure of a person or community's environmental impact, calculated by the land area needed to sustain their resource use.

Industries

  • Primary Industry: Extracting raw materials from the environment. Examples: mining, forestry, farming, fishing.
  • Secondary Industry: Processing raw materials into finished goods. Examples: auto assembly plants, factories. Processing raw materials increases their value.
  • Tertiary Industry: Providing services to others. Examples: doctors, lawyers, teachers, nail technicians. Includes stores selling secondary industry products, supporting the entire economy.
  • Quaternary Industry: Specialized knowledge-based services. Examples: research & development, computer programmers, accountants. Involves processing ideas.
  • Basic Industries: Supply raw materials or products for other goods; bring new money into a local economy. Examples: manufacturing facilities producing goods for sale outside of the local community.
  • Non-Basic Industries: Provide services within the local community; reuse existing local money. Examples: local barber shops.
  • Multiplier Effect: Increase in total wealth or income when new money enters the economy.

Using Natural Resources

  • Three Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle for minimizing environmental impact. Reducing (least loss) is superior to Reusing (more loss) or Recycling (greatest loss).
  • Improper waste disposal pollutes groundwater, land, and air.

Industries in Canada (Key Info)

  • Forestry: Canada has extensive boreal and coastal rainforests (renewable resource). Wildfires are a major concern.
  • Farming: A primary industry relying on land resources.
  • Fishing: A primary industry dependent on water resources.
  • Mining: A primary industry extracting minerals and metals.
  • Oil and Gas: A primary industry extracting fossil fuels.
  • Manufacturing: Processing raw materials into finished goods (secondary industry).
  • Outsourcing: Moving manufacturing to other countries for cheaper labour/environmental regulations.
  • Manufacturing factors: Location of customers, raw materials, water/power supply, labor supply, transportation, and political factors.
  • Manufacturing Decline Factors: Economic cycles, global competition, a comparative disadvantage (high Canadian dollar), Dutch Disease, and rising costs in East Asian manufacturing countries.

Global Trade

  • Globalization: Increased interconnectedness globally in finance, trade, culture, and technology.
  • Globalization Pros: Increased global economic growth, consumer access to diverse goods and services, exposure for local businesses abroad.
  • Globalization Cons: Increased wealth inequality, homogenization of culture, harm to domestic industries.
  • Free Trade: International trade with free movement of goods; tariffs and barriers are eliminated.
  • Trade Deficit: Imports exceed exports.
  • Trade Surplus: Exports exceed imports.
  • Tariff: A tax on imported goods to protect domestic industries.
  • Branch Plant: A foreign-owned factory in Canada.
  • HDI: Human Development Index; measures health, knowledge, and standard of living.
  • USMCA (formerly NAFTA): Trilateral free trade agreement between Canada, the US, and Mexico.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts of natural resources, including renewable, non-renewable, and flow resources. It also examines various industries that utilize these resources, such as primary and secondary industries. Test your understanding of ecological footprints and the environmental impact of resource use.

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