30 Questions
What is the purpose of philosophy according to Epicurus?
To attain tranquility and happiness in life
What is the name of the concept that Epicurus believed is the absence of pain?
Aponia
What is the main distinction made by Mill's utilitarian doctrine?
Between higher and lower forms of pleasure
What is the primary motivation for human action according to Immanuel Kant's ethics?
Duty itself
According to Kant, what is the relationship between ethics and happiness?
Ethics is indifferent to happiness
What is a characteristic of a person who has a low capacity for enjoyment according to Mill?
They have a greater chance of having their pleasures satisfied
What is the significance of the phrase 'Man as an end in himself/herself' in Kant's ethics?
It emphasizes the importance of individual autonomy
What does Mill recognize as playing a crucial role in a person's capacity to recognize varying kinds of pleasures?
Their social, cultural, and historical context
How does Kant's ethics differ from Aristotle's ethics?
Kant's ethics emphasizes happiness as the motivation for moral action
What does Mill believe is the composition of a satisfied and happy life?
A balance between tranquility and excitement
What is the role of reason in Kant's ethics?
Reason is the source of moral principles
What is the concept of 'universalizability' in Kant's ethics?
The belief that all moral principles are universally applicable
What is the primary focus of Kant's philosophy of religion?
The reconciliation of ethics and hope
What is the primary consideration in making decisions, according to Kant?
The potential consequences of one's actions
Who is credited with developing and clarifying the theory of utilitarianism?
John Stuart Mill
What is the fundamental principle of utilitarianism?
The greatest happiness of the greatest number
How does utilitarianism judge actions?
Based on the quality and quantity of pleasure they produce
What is the relationship between utilitarianism and consequentialism?
Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism
What is the central idea behind the Natural Law Theory?
Morally good acts are based on the objective nature of human nature
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Thomas Aquinas?
He was a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation
What is the main concern of the Divine Command Theory?
The link between God's commands and moral obligations
What is the Euthyphro dilemma?
A dilemma that questions the relationship between God's commands and moral principles
What is the Eternal Law, according to the text?
God's rational purpose and plan for all things
What is the significance of Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica?
It was a comprehensive summary of Catholic theology
What is the main goal of taxation in a sovereign state?
To raise revenues to finance government expenditures and promote the general welfare of citizens
What is the Latin origin of the word 'tax'?
Taxare
What is the main difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance?
Tax evasion involves misreporting facts, while tax avoidance involves structuring business transactions
What is the characteristic of a regressive tax?
It affects poor people more than wealthy people
What is the principle of equality or theoretical justice in taxation?
The tax burden should be proportionate to the taxpayer's ability to pay
What is fiscal adequacy in taxation?
The sufficiency of revenue sources to address public expenditures
Explore the principles of natural law theory and its connection to Thomas Aquinas, a renowned intellectual and religious revolutionary of the 13th century.
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