Questions and Answers
What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)?
Teaching computers to understand and process human language.
Which of the following is the first key step in NLP?
What is the purpose of Word Tokenization?
What does Parts of Speech (POS) prediction identify?
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What is Lemmatization?
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What does identifying stop words involve?
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What is Dependency Parsing?
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What is Named Entity Recognition (NER)?
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Which of the following techniques is used for text cleaning and transformation?
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What is tokenization?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) teaches computers to understand and process human language, overcoming the challenges posed by unstructured data.
- The objective is to facilitate meaningful interpretation of both textual and spoken data.
Key Steps in NLP
- Sentence Segmentation: Divides text into individual sentences to aid in analysis.
- Word Tokenization: Splits sentences into distinct words or tokens for easier processing.
- Predicting Parts of Speech (POS): Identifies roles of words (e.g., noun, verb, adjective) within a sentence.
- Lemmatization: Reduces words to their root forms for standardization in processing.
- Identifying Stop Words: Filters out common words (e.g., 'the', 'is', 'and') that contribute minimal meaning.
- Dependency Parsing: Analyzes word relationships within a sentence, creating a parse tree.
- Finding Noun Phrases: Groups related words to represent singular ideas, enhancing understanding.
- Named Entity Recognition (NER): Detects and categorizes real-world entities, such as people and locations.
- Coreference Resolution: Determines which words refer to the same entities within a text.
Summary of NLP Steps
- NLP employs multiple techniques: segmenting text, classifying parts of speech, lemmatizing, removing stop words, analyzing relationships, grouping words, recognizing entities, and resolving references.
Text Pre-Processing in NLP
- Text pre-processing is vital for preparing raw text for analysis or machine learning, involving cleaning and transforming data for efficient processing.
Key Text Pre-Processing Techniques
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Regular Expressions (Regex):
- Defines search patterns for text processing, used for finding, cleaning, or replacing specific character sequences.
- Example Patterns:
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\d+: Matches one or more digits (for extracting numbers). -
\b\w+\b: Identifies word boundaries for tokenization.
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Tokenization:
- Segments text into smaller units (tokens), which can include words, phrases, or symbols, facilitating analysis.
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Description
This quiz introduces the fundamentals of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It explores the challenges of teaching computers to understand human language, which is often unstructured and complex. With this foundation, learners can begin to appreciate the significance and applications of NLP.
