Natural Disasters: Types and Examples

Tectonic Disasters:
- Earthquakes: sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing seismic waves
- Volcanic eruptions: eruption of hot ash, gas, and rock from a volcano
- Tsunamis: large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions
Hydro-Meteorological Disasters:
- Floods: overflow of water that submerges land and affects human settlements
- Landslides: movement of rock, soil, or debris down a slope
- Droughts: prolonged shortage of water in a region
- Hurricanes/Typhoons: strong, rotating storm systems that form over warm ocean waters
- Tornadoes: rotating columns of air that touch the ground, causing damage
Climatological Disasters:
- Heatwaves: prolonged periods of abnormally high temperatures
- Coldwaves: prolonged periods of abnormally low temperatures
Biological Disasters:
- Epidemics: widespread outbreak of a disease
- Pandemics: global outbreak of a disease

Tectonic Plate Movement: movement of the Earth's crust, causing earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis
Weather Patterns: unusual weather patterns, such as high pressure systems, low pressure systems, and wind patterns
Climate Change: changes in global temperatures and precipitation patterns, leading to increased frequency and severity of natural disasters
Human Activities: deforestation, land degradation, and pollution, which can contribute to natural disasters

Human Impact: loss of life, injury, displacement, and psychological trauma
Environmental Impact: damage to ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and pollution
Economic Impact: damage to infrastructure, loss of property, and disruption of economic activities
Social Impact: disruption of social structures, loss of community, and cultural heritage

Early Warning Systems: detection and alert systems to warn people of impending natural disasters
Evacuation and Shelter: safe zones and evacuation routes to protect people from natural disasters
Infrastructure Design: designing buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure to withstand natural disasters
Disaster Relief: provision of aid, food, shelter, and medical care to affected communities
Recovery and Reconstruction: rebuilding and restoring affected communities and infrastructure

Tectonic Disasters:
- Earthquakes occur due to sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing seismic waves
- Volcanic eruptions involve hot ash, gas, and rock eruption from a volcano
- Tsunamis are large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions
Hydro-Meteorological Disasters:
- Floods occur when water overflows and submerges land, affecting human settlements
- Landslides involve movement of rock, soil, or debris down a slope
- Droughts are prolonged shortages of water in a region
- Hurricanes/Typhoons are strong, rotating storm systems that form over warm ocean waters
- Tornadoes are rotating columns of air that touch the ground, causing damage
Climatological Disasters:
- Heatwaves are prolonged periods of abnormally high temperatures
- Coldwaves are prolonged periods of abnormally low temperatures
Biological Disasters:
- Epidemics are widespread outbreaks of a disease
- Pandemics are global outbreaks of a disease

Tectonic Plate Movement causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis due to movement of the Earth's crust
Weather Patterns involve unusual weather patterns, such as high pressure systems, low pressure systems, and wind patterns
Climate Change leads to increased frequency and severity of natural disasters due to changes in global temperatures and precipitation patterns
Human Activities contribute to natural disasters through deforestation, land degradation, and pollution

Human Impact:
- Loss of life and injury
- Displacement and psychological trauma
Environmental Impact:
- Damage to ecosystems and loss of biodiversity
- Pollution
Economic Impact:
- Damage to infrastructure and loss of property
- Disruption of economic activities
Social Impact:
- Disruption of social structures and loss of community
- Cultural heritage loss

Early Warning Systems detect and alert people of impending natural disasters
Evacuation and Shelter involve safe zones and evacuation routes to protect people from natural disasters
Infrastructure Design involves designing buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure to withstand natural disasters
Disaster Relief involves provision of aid, food, shelter, and medical care to affected communities
Recovery and Reconstruction involve rebuilding and restoring affected communities and infrastructure