Natural Disasters and Their Impacts

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Questions and Answers

What key factor distinguishes a devastating natural event from a natural disaster?

A natural disaster must occur in an area where people live, causing damage to structures, injuries, or deaths.

Name two categories into which natural disasters can be divided.

Tectonic Disasters and Climatic Hazards.

What is the primary cause of tectonic natural disasters?

Movement of the Earth's crust, creating tension between plates.

Based on the image description, what type of natural disaster likely occurred on March 11, 2011?

<p>A tsunami.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides earthquakes and volcanic activity, name one secondary hazard that can result from Tectonic Disasters.

<p>Tsunamis or Landslides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of the devastating tsunami in the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004?

<p>An earthquake near Indonesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the immediate danger to life, what is one of the most common long-term effects of natural disasters on populations?

<p>Homelessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two specific health issues that can arise in the aftermath of floods, besides direct injuries.

<p>Disease-carrying mosquitoes and food spoilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do natural disasters lead to economic hardship, especially in agricultural communities?

<p>Destruction of crops or livestock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the immediate destruction, how do natural disasters affect trade and commerce between different locations?

<p>Damage to infrastructure (roads, buildings, and bridges).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of global disasters were attributed to climatic hazards in the first decade of the 21st century?

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three primary greenhouse gases.

<p>Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), methane (CHâ‚„), and nitrous oxide (Nâ‚‚O).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do warmer oceans contribute to more intense storms?

<p>Warmer oceans lead to increased water vapor in the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of melting glaciers related to sea levels?

<p>Rising sea levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that melting glaciers contribute to the increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters?

<p>Melting glaciers expose previously protected areas to storms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are low-lying islands at high risk of?

<p>Being submerged due to rising sea levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one primary and one secondary impact of natural disasters on human populations.

<p>A primary impact could be deaths or injuries, while a secondary impact could be psychological distress or the spread of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give one way that rising sea levels can impact freshwater sources.

<p>Water contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in rainfall patterns, exacerbated by global warming, lead to natural disasters like the 2022 Pakistan floods?

<p>Climate change can disrupt rainfall patterns, leading to unusually intense rainfall that causes flash floods and landslides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides rising sea levels, what is another threat that low-lying islands, like Tuvalu, face due to global warming?

<p>Contamination of freshwater supplies and destruction of crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides impact to freshwater, what is another effect of rising sea level?

<p>Crop damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of damage is caused by the immediate occurances of a natural disaster?

<p>Primary damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do natural disasters in isolated regions often have more casualties in the days and weeks following the initial event?

<p>Medical help cannot reach the area quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence from the WMO supports the claim that natural disasters are becoming more frequent?

<p>The WMO notes that there were 3496 natural disasters between 2000 and 2010, compared to only 743 in the previous 40 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a use for aerial robotics (drones) in natural disaster management.

<p>To expedite and magnify natural disaster management efforts by making them more efficient and responsive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of the world is experiencing melting glaciers, that is contributing to rising sea levels globally?

<p>The western Antarctic Peninsula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of deposition, in the context of natural disasters and geography?

<p>Material is carried by wind, water, or glaciers, and dumped in one place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'climate change'.

<p>A change in weather patterns over several decades or longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In areas prone to flooding, what is a simple preparedness measure that can be taken?

<p>Having sandbags ready to pile on the riverbanks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is controlled burning, and where is it typically practiced?

<p>Controlled burning is planned fire setting to maintain the health of a forest. It is done in areas affected by forest fires, such as Australia and North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are urban areas, especially in low and middle-income countries, particularly vulnerable to natural disasters?

<p>Unplanned urban growth and lack of construction regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is overgrazing and what is it's impact on land?

<p>Overgrazing is when animals consume all available pasture plants over extended periods, leading to land degradation, potentially transforming fertile land into barren deserts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can dam construction lead to flooding even when the purpose of dams is to control water flow?

<p>Heavy rainfall combined with dam construction exceeding the river's capacity to contain the water, or the forceful release of water from dams, can lead to flooding downstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how dams in regions with high earthquake risk may actually trigger earthquakes.

<p>They reduce friction between rock layers, allowing them to slide more easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides the risk of earthquake, what is another danger of building dams?

<p>Dams can cause flooding from heavy rains and exceeding a river's capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological effect might survivors experience long after a natural disaster?

<p>Survivors may experience psychological distress for years, constantly reminded of the event, and feel fear or dread related to similar conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in providing medical aid after natural disasters?

<p>Delays in medical help reaching those affected or in transporting them to medical centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define sustainable development in the context of using Earth's resources.

<p>Sustainable development is finding ways to protect Earth's resources for future generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is limiting the use of non-renewable resources important for sustainable development?

<p>To preserve resources and reduce harmful environmental impacts like greenhouse gas emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of using coal as an energy source, and what is a benefit of using renewable energy sources?

<p>Coal produces harmful greenhouse gases, while renewable energy sources are less harmful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the United Nations, what critical water issue is affecting a large portion of the global population?

<p>More than 1.7 billion people live in areas where water is being used faster than it is being replenished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted consequence if the current rate of water usage continues?

<p>Within a decade, two-thirds of the world's population will face water shortages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that can impact survivors of natural disasters with psychological distress?

<p>Earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the UN, what is the projected number of disaster events per year by 2030?

<p>The UN projects 560 disaster events per year by 2030.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are developing countries disproportionately affected by natural disasters compared to developed countries?

<p>Developing countries are more severely affected due to factors like overcrowded cities with poorly built structures, inadequate infrastructure, and limited government resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of how industries contribute to land degradation.

<p>Industries contribute to land degradation through deforestation, erosion, and the contamination of soil, streams, and wetlands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the greenhouse effect contribute to climate change and natural disasters?

<p>The greenhouse effect traps the Sun's heat, and increased greenhouse gases from human activities accelerate climate change, leading to more frequent and intense natural disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'carbon footprint' and why is it important to understand it?

<p>Carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases generated by human activities. It's important to understand it to reduce the impact and decelerate climate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of natural disasters mentioned in the text, why do people migrate from rural to urban areas?

<p>People migrate from rural to urban areas because rural areas are often more severely affected by natural disasters due to a lack of adequate infrastructure and precautions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does overgrazing impact the land?

<p>Overgrazing leads to land erosion and loss of vegetation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential negative impact of dams, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Dams can create barriers that can, in some cases, cause floods and earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do simple actions like planting trees contribute to sustainable development?

<p>Planting trees helps improve weather patterns and mitigates the effects of natural disasters, thereby supporting sustainable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do tsunami buoys play in tsunami warning systems?

<p>Tsunami buoys detect faster-moving seismic waves, enabling timely alerts for tsunami threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two main components of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Early Warning System.

<p>The system comprises 25 seismographic stations and 26 national tsunami information centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some strategies that Pakistan could adopt from Japan's disaster management plan?

<p>Pakistan could implement advanced real-time data monitoring and community preparedness programs similar to Japan's strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how recycling supports sustainable development goals.

<p>Recycling reduces resource use and waste, ensuring that materials are conserved for future generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mining and drilling contribute to environmental degradation?

<p>Mining and drilling can lead to human-induced earthquakes and cause instability in the Earth's surface, while also polluting water sources with chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do developed countries assist developing countries after natural disasters?

<p>Developed countries provide resources, expert personnel, and aid agencies that send experienced professionals to assist in recovery efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons that people continue to live in metropolitan areas at high risk of earthquakes?

<p>People live in high-risk areas for the fertile soil suitable for agriculture and the economic opportunities it provides despite the risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures are in place to mitigate the risks associated with earthquakes in urban areas?

<p>Regulations ensure structures are built to withstand tremors and implement rapid evacuation procedures for residents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is preemptive evacuation emphasized in areas prone to hurricanes?

<p>Preemptive evacuation is crucial to safeguard lives by ensuring that residents can avoid the dangers of severe hurricane conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Natural disaster

A catastrophic event causing significant damage and loss of life.

Tectonic disasters

Disasters caused by movements of the Earth's crust, like earthquakes and volcanoes.

Climatic hazards

Environmental disasters caused by weather conditions, not detailed here.

Examples of natural disasters

Incidents like volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, and more.

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Secondary hazards

Additional risks that arise from primary disasters like tsunamis from earthquakes.

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Domino effect of global warming

The chain reaction of increased natural disasters caused by global warming.

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Increased disaster frequency

Global warming leads to more frequent weather-related disasters such as storms and droughts.

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Melting glaciers impact

Melting glaciers expose areas to storms, worsening disaster risks.

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Effects on low-lying islands

Rising sea levels threaten fresh water, crops, and populations in low-lying islands.

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Primary vs secondary effects

Natural disasters cause immediate damage (deaths, injuries) and longer-term issues (psychological distress, diseases).

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2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake

A deadly earthquake that triggered a tsunami, killing over 200,000 people across Asia to Africa.

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Cyclone Komen

A 2015 cyclone in South Asia that caused severe flooding and homelessness in countries like India.

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Hurricane Katrina

A catastrophic hurricane in 2005 that flooded New Orleans, leading to mass evacuation and relocation.

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Health issues from disasters

Natural disasters can cause diseases by attracting mosquitoes and leading to food scarcity.

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Economic impact of disasters

Natural disasters destroy infrastructures like homes and roads, causing poverty and economic disruptions.

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Psychological Damage

Severe emotional distress experienced by disaster survivors.

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Long-term Medical Aid

Sustained medical support needed after natural disasters.

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Sustainable Development

Economic and social growth prioritizing resource preservation.

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Non-renewable Resources

Natural resources that cannot be replenished quickly, like oil and coal.

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Renewable Energy Sources

Energy sources that can be replenished, such as wind and solar.

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Clean Water Crisis

A shortage of clean drinking water affecting billions worldwide.

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Greenhouse Gases

Harmful gases, like those from burning coal, that affect the environment.

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Water Shortages

A situation where water availability is insufficient for the population's needs.

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Impact of Urban Natural Disasters

Natural disasters affect urban areas more due to high population density and limited space.

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Vulnerability in Low and Middle-Income Countries

Low and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to natural disasters due to unplanned growth and weak regulations.

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Overgrazing Consequences

Overgrazing leads to land degradation, turning fertile land into deserts.

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Dams and Flooding Risks

Dams can cause downstream flooding after heavy rainfall due to capacity limits being exceeded.

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Dams and Earthquake Risk

Dams in quake-prone areas may trigger earthquakes by weakening rock formations.

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Preparedness for Floods

Having sandbags ready can prevent overflow in flood-prone areas.

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Mining Environmental Risks

Mining can lead to environmental degradation, including pollution and earthquakes.

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Human-induced Earthquakes

Mining activities are a leading cause of earthquakes caused by human actions.

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Volcano Escape Routes

Clear escape routes and early warning systems are critical near volcanoes.

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Technology in Disaster Management

Drones and big data analytics enhance the efficiency of disaster responses.

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International Response to Disasters

Developed countries assist developing nations after natural disasters by providing resources and expertise.

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Medical Aid Delays

Casualties can increase post-disaster due to slow medical response times.

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Earthquake Preparedness

Rules and regulations help structures withstand earthquakes and ensure rapid evacuation.

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Hurricane Evacuation Routes

Traffic signs indicate planned routes for evacuating during hurricanes.

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Controlled Burning

Planned fire setting to maintain forest health without risk to people.

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Climatic disasters

Weather-related disasters that harm life and property.

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Climate change

Long-term changes in weather patterns, often influenced by human activity.

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Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System

A network with 25 seismographs alerting 26 countries about tsunamis.

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Global warming

Increased temperatures caused by a rise in greenhouse gases.

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Tsunami buoy

A device in the ocean that detects seismic wave activity.

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Melting glaciers

Glaciers shrinking due to rising temperatures, contributing to sea level rise.

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Rising sea levels

Increase in ocean levels due to melting glaciers and warming waters.

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Recycling

The process of converting waste into reusable material.

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Waste management

The control and disposal of waste materials.

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Water contamination

Pollution of fresh water due to rising sea levels.

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Crop damage

Destruction of crops due to extreme weather or flooding.

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Economic impact

Negative effects on economies from disasters and their aftermath.

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Primary and secondary impacts

Immediate and long-term effects of disasters on people and environments.

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Impact of Natural Disasters

Natural disasters affect developing nations more severely despite a third occurring there.

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Overcrowded Cities

Cities with buildings not made to withstand natural disasters increase vulnerability.

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Inadequate Infrastructure

Lack of essential services exacerbates disaster impact in developing nations.

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Limited Government Resources

Governments in developing nations often lack funds for disaster recovery.

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Human Activities

Interactions with nature, often hazardous, contribute to more natural disasters.

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Greenhouse Effect

Trapping Sun's heat increases greenhouse gases leading to climate change.

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Deforestation

The removal of trees increases carbon footprint impacting climate adversely.

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Land Loss from Overgrazing

Excess grazing leads to erosion and vegetation loss, worsening land degradation.

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