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What material did the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast primarily use to build their homes?
What material did the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast primarily use to build their homes?
What purpose did totem poles serve for the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast?
What purpose did totem poles serve for the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast?
Which of the following was a common clothing material used by Native Americans in the California Intermountain region during summer?
Which of the following was a common clothing material used by Native Americans in the California Intermountain region during summer?
How did the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast primarily construct their dugout canoes?
How did the Native Americans of the Northwest Coast primarily construct their dugout canoes?
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What was a significant staple food for the Native Americans of the California Intermountain region?
What was a significant staple food for the Native Americans of the California Intermountain region?
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Which environment did NOT form part of the California Intermountain region inhabited by Native Americans?
Which environment did NOT form part of the California Intermountain region inhabited by Native Americans?
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What materials were commonly used to build shelters by the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau region?
What materials were commonly used to build shelters by the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau region?
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What type of food was NOT mentioned as part of the Indigenous peoples' diet in the Plateau region?
What type of food was NOT mentioned as part of the Indigenous peoples' diet in the Plateau region?
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What was the primary purpose of travois used by the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains?
What was the primary purpose of travois used by the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains?
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Which animal was crucial to the diet and daily life of the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains?
Which animal was crucial to the diet and daily life of the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains?
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What construction technique was characteristic of the tepees built by the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains?
What construction technique was characteristic of the tepees built by the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains?
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What was a common tool used by the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau region for hunting?
What was a common tool used by the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau region for hunting?
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What materials did the Native Americans in California Intermountain use to build their homes?
What materials did the Native Americans in California Intermountain use to build their homes?
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Which crops did the Southwestern Native Americans grow using irrigation?
Which crops did the Southwestern Native Americans grow using irrigation?
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How did the Native Americans of the Plateau region adapt to their harsh climate?
How did the Native Americans of the Plateau region adapt to their harsh climate?
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What type of crafts were Southwestern Native Americans particularly known for?
What type of crafts were Southwestern Native Americans particularly known for?
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What was a common travel method for California Intermountain Native Americans?
What was a common travel method for California Intermountain Native Americans?
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What kind of dwellings did the Southwestern Native Americans build for protection?
What kind of dwellings did the Southwestern Native Americans build for protection?
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What materials were primarily used to construct wigwams?
What materials were primarily used to construct wigwams?
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Which food sources were commonly hunted by the Eastern Woodland Native Americans?
Which food sources were commonly hunted by the Eastern Woodland Native Americans?
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Which of the following describes the climate of the Southeast region inhabited by Native Americans?
Which of the following describes the climate of the Southeast region inhabited by Native Americans?
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What type of clothing did Eastern Woodland Native Americans commonly wear?
What type of clothing did Eastern Woodland Native Americans commonly wear?
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How did Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands utilize animals after hunting them?
How did Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands utilize animals after hunting them?
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What were the longhouses made from in the Eastern Woodland region?
What were the longhouses made from in the Eastern Woodland region?
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Which craft item is believed to have been first created by the Eastern Woodland Native Americans for personal protection?
Which craft item is believed to have been first created by the Eastern Woodland Native Americans for personal protection?
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Study Notes
Northwest Coast
- Native Americans inhabited the coastal strip from Oregon and Washington up to Alaska, characterized by a mild climate and heavy rainfall.
- Homes were built from cedar trees, providing materials for shelter, clothing, and tools.
- Large plank houses made of cedar were common, and cloth was woven from cedar bark.
- The diet included shellfish, fish (cod, salmon), whales, seals, and land animals like deer and bears.
- Dugout canoes crafted from cedar logs facilitated fishing and transportation.
- Totem poles, carved from cedar, represented family history and social status.
California Intermountain
- This group resided between the Pacific coast and the Rocky Mountains, experiencing varied environments like mountains and deserts.
- Seasonal climate included cold winters and mild summers; food sources included shellfish, nuts, seeds, and small game.
- Acorns were ground into flour for porridge, and clothing was made from rabbit fur for winter and woven grass for summer.
- Large grass huts built in communities utilized local materials such as grass and redwood bark.
- Notable for unique baskets and beads made from shells, often adorned with shells and feathers.
Southwest
- Native Americans lived in present-day Arizona, New Mexico, Southern Colorado, and Texas, in a dry region with mountains and deserts.
- Farming in arid conditions relied on irrigation to cultivate cotton, corn, beans, and squash.
- Villages were often built into cliffs or constructed of stone and adobe bricks, featuring multiple levels accessed by ladders.
- Clothing and blankets were woven from cotton dyed with natural colors, and moccasins were common footwear.
- Renowned for decorative pottery, clay pots, and Kachina dolls made from cottonwood roots, serving educational purposes about spirituality.
Plateau
- Occupying regions between the Cascade Mountains and the northern Rockies, the Plateau Native Americans faced extreme winters and warm summers.
- Pit houses, partially underground, provided shelter, built with wood, dirt, and grass mats near rivers for fishing.
- Common dietary sources included fish (trout, salmon, eels), wild roots, blackberries, and huckleberries.
- Clothing consisted of deer skin garments; skilled weavers created grass dresses and basket hats.
- Dugout or bark canoes were employed for travel, though strong river rapids made navigation challenging.
Great Plains
- Residing on the grassy plains between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River, Indigenous peoples experienced cold winters and hot summers.
- Nomadic lifestyle centered around hunting buffalo, with clear dependence on the animal for food, clothing, and shelter.
- Tepees constructed from wooden poles and buffalo hides were easily portable, facilitating movement across the plains.
- Permanent homes included dome-shaped lodges made of grass and mud, with agriculture involving beans, pumpkins, corn, and squash.
Eastern Woodlands
- This region, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, featured lush forests and four distinct seasons.
- Transportation involved light canoes made from cedar and birch bark; homes were constructed from hardwood trees.
- Wigwams (dome-shaped) and longhouses (larger) served as primary shelters.
- Diet consisted of deer, bear, wild turkey, and cultivated crops like corn, squash, and beans.
- Rituals included prayer for hunted animals, utilization of all parts for tools and clothing, and the potential creation of dream catchers for spiritual protection.
Southeast
- Native Americans of the Southeast occupied the region from the Atlantic Ocean to Texas, thriving in a moderate climate with wetlands.
- Homes, called chickees, were built on wooden platforms raised above swampy ground.
- In drier areas, wattle and daub homes were constructed from woven grass and bark.
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Description
Explore the diverse cultures and lifestyles of the Native Americans who inhabited the Northwest Coast. From their unique homes and tools made from cedar to their adaptation to a rainy, coastal climate, discover how these Indigenous peoples thrived in their environment.