Native American Popular Religion in New England’s Old Colony, 1670-1770 Overview

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What method did Christian Converters use to convert more of the Native population?

Healing practices (correct)

Offering material goods

Threatening to take away their land

Using force and violence

How were the dead buried by the Wampanoag Tribe?

In the fetal position facing southwest (correct)

Sitting upright facing east

Lying on their back facing up

In a standing position facing north

What practice did the Wampanoag Tribe follow during burials?

Including personal items for the afterlife (correct)

Burying the deceased with no belongings

Burning the deceased's belongings

Performing elaborate rituals over the grave

What made it easier for the Natives to accept conversion to Christianity?

The similarity between afterlife beliefs Signup and view all the answers

How did the Colonial Converters view Native supernatural practices?

They sought to study or eliminate them Signup and view all the answers

What did the Wampanoag Tribe do with their supernatural practices after conversion?

They guarded some practices closely Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of English Preachers striving to increase literacy among the Natives?

To prove that Christianity was the correct faith Signup and view all the answers

What effect did books like The Indian Primer have on the Native population?

Significantly increased literacy among Natives Signup and view all the answers

What did both New England Christians and Native American Christians seek in terms of spiritual practices?

Physical healing Signup and view all the answers

What was the concern of colonial preachers regarding Native healing practices?

They conflicted with Christian beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What was observed about the literacy rate among the Native population over time in Plymouth Colony?

It decreased slightly Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the shift from the production to the consumption of religious values mentioned in the text?

"Middle Space" Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the article?

The conversion of the native tribes to Christianity Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the native preachers in the early churches for converted natives?

They were the leaders and ran the early churches. Signup and view all the answers

How did the conversion of the natives to Christianity affect their families?

Families converted together and continued in their new Christian faith. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Josiah Cotton's missionary work?

To convert the native tribes in the Plymouth colonial area to Christianity. Signup and view all the answers

What did the article say about the spirituality of the native tribes?

The article did not spend a large portion discussing the spirituality of the natives. Signup and view all the answers

What type of individuals were marginalized and collectively referred to as 'suku'?

Immoral women and vagabonds Signup and view all the answers

How did males gain entrance to the 'Kuksu cult' according to the text?

Via formal initiation Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the winter dances sponsored by the 'Kuksu cult'?

Featuring spirit and animal impersonations Signup and view all the answers

In which villages did Maidu women have authority over the society and its ceremonies?

Foothills villages Signup and view all the answers

What was true about women's initiatory statuses in both Foothills and Valley villages according to the text?

Women participated de facto in the society and ceremonies Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the boys' 'yambasi' initiation mentioned in the text?

Girls and boys were initiated simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the Maidu Clown?

To mock and parody the social order from within Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive physical characteristics helped identify the Maidu Clown?

Carrying an acorn necklace, props, cane, and pipe Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Maidu Clown typically perform during ceremonies?

Outside the earthlodge dance-house or on its roof Signup and view all the answers

What type of comedy was associated with the Maidu Clown's performances?

Physical comedy, acrobatics, and simulated fights Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic associated with the Maidu Clown?

Performing sacred rituals and ceremonies Signup and view all the answers

How did the Maidu Clown's comedy vary across different regions?

The comedy varied in content and style from region to region Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary subsistence practice of the Maidu people prior to European contact?

Production of acorn, salmon, and deer-meat surpluses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the social structure of the Maidu people?

Autonomous 'triblets' of regionally contiguous villages Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the Foothill and Valley regions of the Maidu territory?

They had substantial cultural differences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Maidu Salmon Ceremony?

A ritual to honor the spirits of the salmon Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'triblet' in describing the Maidu social structure?

It indicates a regional division or faction within the Maidu people Signup and view all the answers

What was the basis for the material wealth of the Maidu elite?

Production or inheritance of monetary currency, wealth objects, and food surpluses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a type of wealth object used by the Maidu?

Turquoise beads Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the village headman (huku or yeponi) among the Maidu?

To maintain authority over both sacred and secular matters in the village Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the elite and commoner status groups in Maidu society?

The commoners were subject to the authority of the elite and required to subsidize them Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the village priest-shaman (yukbe) in Maidu society?

To ensure the proper performance of religious ceremonies and rituals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a type of material used in Maidu ceremonial clothing?

Quartz crystals Signup and view all the answers

What was the main role of the Maidu clown in the community?

Joke with spectators and teach ethical teachings Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Maidu clown jokingly referred to as 'morning speech'?

It implies the clown's socializing role with the community Signup and view all the answers

What differentiated the 'bums' described in the text from other societal members?

They were transient and characterized by indolence Signup and view all the answers

How did the Maidu clowns contribute to societal balance according to the text?

By reinforcing social norms and offering comic relief Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic behavior did 'brumui', as described in the text, display?

Wandering and dishonesty Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Maidu clown, what aspect of their behavior is highlighted by Shakespeare's Olivia quote 'no slander in an allowed fool'?

Their freedom to jest without consequence Signup and view all the answers