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Questions and Answers
What was the primary objective of the Swadeshi movement launched in 1905?
What was the primary objective of the Swadeshi movement launched in 1905?
Which of the following leaders was NOT associated with the moderate phase of Indian nationalism?
Which of the following leaders was NOT associated with the moderate phase of Indian nationalism?
What was the main consequence of the Partition of Bengal in 1905?
What was the main consequence of the Partition of Bengal in 1905?
What was the primary focus of Mahatma Gandhi's ideology during the Gandhian Era?
What was the primary focus of Mahatma Gandhi's ideology during the Gandhian Era?
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What was the primary economic factor contributing to Indian nationalism?
What was the primary economic factor contributing to Indian nationalism?
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What was the main objective of the Indian National Congress during the moderate phase?
What was the main objective of the Indian National Congress during the moderate phase?
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Which of the following reforms was introduced in 1915?
Which of the following reforms was introduced in 1915?
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What was the primary social factor contributing to Indian nationalism?
What was the primary social factor contributing to Indian nationalism?
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What was the main consequence of the Quit India Movement launched in 1942?
What was the main consequence of the Quit India Movement launched in 1942?
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What was the primary political factor contributing to Indian nationalism?
What was the primary political factor contributing to Indian nationalism?
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Study Notes
Nationalism in India
Early Phase (1885-1905)
- Influenced by Western ideas of liberty, equality, and democracy
- Emergence of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885
- INC's initial demands:
- Greater representation in government
- Indianization of civil service
- Reduction of land revenue
- Moderate leaders:
- A.O. Hume
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- Ferozeshah Mehta
extremists phase (1905-1918)
- Rise of extremist leaders:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Lala Lajpat Rai
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Swadeshi movement (1905):
- Boycott of British goods
- Promotion of Indian industries
- Use of Indian languages
- Partition of Bengal (1905):
- Led to widespread protests and violence
- ultimately annulled in 1911
Gandhian Era (1918-1947)
- Mahatma Gandhi's influence:
- Introduction of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha)
- Use of non-cooperation and civil disobedience
- Emphasis on self-reliance and simplicity
- Key movements:
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
- Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
- Quit India Movement (1942-1944)
- Indian National Congress's adoption of Gandhian ideology
Factors Contributing to Nationalism
- Economic factors:
- Exploitation of Indian resources
- Drain of wealth
- Poverty and unemployment
- Political factors:
- Denial of rights and freedoms
- Racial discrimination
- Limited representation in government
- Social and cultural factors:
- Preservation of Indian culture and traditions
- Promotion of Indian languages and literature
- Response to British cultural imperialism
Key Events and Milestones
- Indian Councils Act (1892)
- Swadeshi movement (1905)
- Partition of Bengal (1905)
- Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
- Government of India Act (1915)
- Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1918)
- Round Table Conferences (1930-1932)
- Indian Independence Act (1947)
Nationalism in India
Early Phase (1885-1905)
- Indian National Congress (INC) established in 1885
- Initial demands: greater representation in government, Indianization of civil service, and reduction of land revenue
- Moderates: A.O.Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Ferozeshah Mehta
Extremist Phase (1905-1918)
- Rise of extremist leaders: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal
- Swadeshi movement (1905): boycott of British goods, promotion of Indian industries, and use of Indian languages
- Partition of Bengal (1905): led to widespread protests and violence, ultimately annulled in 1911
Gandhian Era (1918-1947)
- Mahatma Gandhi's influence: introduction of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha), non-cooperation, and civil disobedience
- Emphasis on self-reliance and simplicity
- Key movements:
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
- Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
- Quit India Movement (1942-1944)
Factors Contributing to Nationalism
- Economic factors:
- Exploitation of Indian resources
- Drain of wealth
- Poverty and unemployment
- Political factors:
- Denial of rights and freedoms
- Racial discrimination
- Limited representation in government
- Social and cultural factors:
- Preservation of Indian culture and traditions
- Promotion of Indian languages and literature
- Response to British cultural imperialism
Key Events and Milestones
- Indian Councils Act (1892)
- Swadeshi movement (1905)
- Partition of Bengal (1905)
- Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
- Government of India Act (1915)
- Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1918)
- Round Table Conferences (1930-1932)
- Indian Independence Act (1947)
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Description
Explore the early and extremist phases of nationalism in India, from the emergence of the Indian National Congress to the rise of extremist leaders, and their demands for independence and reform.
