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Nationalism in Europe: Frédéric Sorrieu's Vision
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Nationalism in Europe: Frédéric Sorrieu's Vision

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Where were groups advocating for national unity smaller in number until the late nineteenth century?

  • Western Europe
  • Northern Europe
  • Southern Europe
  • Central and Eastern Europe (correct)

    • What was the core idea of liberalism for the new middle classes?

  • Government by consent and autocracy
  • End of representative government
  • Clerical privileges and aristocratic rights
  • Freedom for the individual and equality before the law (correct)

    • What did nineteenth-century liberals emphasize?

  • The abolition of representative government
  • The importance of poverty and inequality
  • The inviolability of private property (correct)
  • The end of all forms of government

    • What was granted exclusively to property-owning men in revolutionary France?

    <p>The right to vote and get elected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were excluded from political rights in revolutionary France?

    <p>Men without property and all women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Napoleonic Code do to women?

    <p>Reduced them to the status of a minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who organized opposition movements demanding equal political rights in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

    <p>Women and non-propertied men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the meaning of the Latin root 'liber'?

    <p>Free</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of the contractor during the Silesian weavers' uprising?

    <p>He fled to a neighbouring village with his family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the exchange between the weavers and the army?

    <p>Eleven weavers were shot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of the neighbouring village to the contractor's request for shelter?

    <p>The villagers refused to shelter him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of the revolution led by the educated middle classes in 1848?

    <p>To establish liberty and equality for all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the weavers do to the supplies of cloth in the storehouse?

    <p>They tore them to shreds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the revolution in 1848 alongside the revolts of the poor and working classes?

    <p>The educated middle classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the state of the contractor's house after the weavers' uprising?

    <p>Its elegant window-panes were smashed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the weavers who broke into the contractor's house?

    <p>They were shot by the army</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the image in Figure 1 symbolize?

    <p>The ideal of a world where nations are united in a spirit of liberty and democracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Frédéric Sorrieu envision for the future of the world?

    <p>A world made up of democratic and social republics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the shattered remains of symbols of absolutist institutions in the foreground of the image?

    <p>They symbolize the triumph of democracy over absolutism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'absolutist' refer to in the context of the text?

    <p>A form of government where the ruler has unlimited power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the term 'utopian' as used in the text?

    <p>Something that is impossible or unrealistic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the flags and national costumes in the image?

    <p>They represent the diversity of cultures and identities in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the text?

    <p>The ideal of a united world based on democratic principles was a popular vision in the 19th century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Statue of Liberty in the image?

    <p>It represents the ideal of freedom and democracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the Scottish Highlanders in 1870 during the war with Prussia?

    <p>They were forbidden to speak Gaelic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the Papal States being finally joined to Italy?

    <p>The withdrawal of French troops from Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of England's support for the Protestant population in Ireland?

    <p>The suppression of Catholic revolts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurred after the failed revolt by Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen in 1798?

    <p>Ireland was incorporated into the United Kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did English culture influence the formation of a new 'British nation'?

    <p>Through the propagation of dominant English culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the symbols of the new Britain include?

    <p>British flag and English language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group played a significant role in the Protestant dominance over Catholics in Ireland?

    <p>The British Crown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the relationship of older nations to the new British identity?

    <p>They survived as subordinate partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was instrumental in suppressing the liberal nationalist movement in Germany in 1848?

    <p>The Junkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who played a key role in unifying Germany through military victories?

    <p>Otto von Bismarck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these was NOT a nation that Prussia fought against during its unification process?

    <p>Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles in the context of German unification?

    <p>It was the location where the new German Empire was proclaimed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership signify?

    <p>The dominance of Prussian state power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a key aspect of the modernization efforts in the newly unified Germany?

    <p>Education system overhaul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the liberal nationalist movement in 1848?

    <p>To unite the German states into a single nation-state under an elected parliament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Prussian army play in the unification of Germany?

    <p>It was a major force in achieving Prussian victories in the wars that led to unification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

    • Frédéric Sorrieu's Vision (1848): French artist created prints depicting a world of democratic and social republics, showcasing diverse peoples uniting under the Statue of Liberty.
    • Symbolism: Sorrieu used the Statue of Liberty as a symbol of enlightenment, amidst shattered symbols of absolutist institutions, signifying the struggle against oppressive governments.
    • National Identity: Nations were visually represented by distinct flags and costumes, reflecting a growing sense of national consciousness in Europe and America.

    Liberal Nationalism

    • Definition: Liberal nationalism combined the ideals of nationalism with the principles of liberalism, prioritizing individual freedom and equality before the law.
    • Political Emphasis: Advocated for government by consent, abolishing autocracy, and establishing representative government while upholding private property rights.
    • Voting Rights: Initially restricted; suffrage was limited to property-owning men, excluding women and non-propertied individuals, reflecting ongoing inequality in political rights.

    Revolutions of 1848

    • Social Upheaval: Revolts were driven by the poor and unemployed, alongside a middle-class-led revolution seeking national unity and representation in government.
    • German National Movement: German nationalists aimed to unify various states into a nation-state. Efforts were repressed by monarchy and military forces, with substantial support from landowners (Junkers).
    • Bismarck's Role: Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian chief minister, was crucial in unifying Germany through three strategic wars against Austria, Denmark, and France, ultimately leading to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.

    Proclamation of the German Empire

    • Date and Location: January 18, 1871, at the Palace of Versailles, where Kaiser William I of Prussia was declared Emperor of Germany.
    • Political Context: Unification emphasized Prussian state power and modernizing systems such as currency, banking, and the legal framework, consolidating authority.

    Irish National Identity

    • Irish Struggles: Ireland was divided between Catholics and Protestants, with British dominance heavily suppressing Catholic uprisings and promoting Protestant control.
    • Incorporation into the UK: Following the failed revolt of Wolfe Tone’s United Irishmen, Ireland was forcibly integrated into the United Kingdom in 1801, leading to the promotion of a dominant English culture, often at the expense of Irish identity.
    • Cultural Imposition: Signs of British nationalism included the Union Jack, national anthems, and the English language, overshadowing local cultures.

    General Observations

    • Social Movement Dynamics: Women and non-propertied men actively campaigned for equal political rights throughout the 19th century, facing oppression in their demands.
    • Legacy of Nationalism: Late 19th-century nationalism shaped the political landscape of Europe, influencing both nationalist movements and struggles for rights among various social classes.

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    Description

    Explore Frédéric Sorrieu's prints depicting a united world of democratic and social republics, and learn about the symbolism and national identity in 19th century Europe.

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