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Questions and Answers
What was the main approach Gandhi introduced in the Indian National Movement?
What was the main approach Gandhi introduced in the Indian National Movement?
Satyagraha
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
1915
Which year was Mahatma Gandhi born?
Which year was Mahatma Gandhi born?
Who was Gandhi's political guru?
Who was Gandhi's political guru?
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What was the Smuts-Gandhi Agreement?
What was the Smuts-Gandhi Agreement?
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Gandhi practiced violence as a means to mobilize the masses.
Gandhi practiced violence as a means to mobilize the masses.
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Mahatma Gandhi was born on __ October 1869.
Mahatma Gandhi was born on __ October 1869.
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Study Notes
Gandhian Phase of Indian Nationalism
- Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 after advocating for civil rights in South Africa for over twenty years.
- Introduced the concept of satyagraha, a non-violent resistance method designed to mobilize masses, regardless of age or gender.
Early Influence and Legal Career
- Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat; parents were Kaba Gandhi (Diwan of Porbandar) and Putlibai (significant influence on Gandhi).
- Graduated high school, sailed to England in 1888 to study law, and became a barrister in June 1891.
- Upon returning to India, faced challenges in establishing a legal career which led him back to South Africa in 1893 to assist a Gujarati firm.
Experiences in South Africa
- Encountered racial discrimination firsthand while traveling from Durban to Pretoria; notably thrown out of a first-class train compartment.
- Formed the Indian Association in Transvaal to address grievances faced by Indian immigrants.
- Successfully negotiated the Smuts-Gandhi Agreement, which abolished the poll tax on indentured laborers amid rising tensions and police violence.
Key Movements and Philosophy
- Emphasized ahimsa (non-violence) as a fundamental principle of his political ideology.
- Led significant non-violent struggles, notably in Champaran (indigo farmers’ protest) and against the Rowlatt Act, which restricted civil liberties.
- Initiated the Non-Cooperation Movement, urging Indians to withdraw from British institutions resulting in widespread participation.
Expansion of Nationalism
- The period saw the emergence of radical groups and revolutionaries contributing to the freedom struggle.
- Launched the Civil Disobedience Movement as a response to British repression and economic exploitation.
- The Poona Pact addressed the issue of separate electorates for minorities, fostering unity among diverse groups.
Impact on Congress and Independence
- The establishment of the First Congress Ministries in various provinces marked a new phase in the Indian political landscape.
- Led to escalating tensions and the eventual initiation of the Quit India Movement in 1942.
- Communal tensions grew, ultimately contributing to the partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan.
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Description
This quiz explores the Gandhian phase of India's struggle for independence, focusing on Gandhi's principles of ahimsa (non-violence) and satyagraha (truth-force). It covers key events such as the Champaran movement and their significance in mobilizing the masses. Test your knowledge on Gandhi's strategies and their impact on the freedom movement.
