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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a method of citizen participation?
Which of the following is NOT a method of citizen participation?
Democracy guarantees that the will of every community member will be considered.
Democracy guarantees that the will of every community member will be considered.
True
Which of the following is NOT a challenge in protecting the marginalized?
Which of the following is NOT a challenge in protecting the marginalized?
What role does participation play in promoting transparency within governance?
What role does participation play in promoting transparency within governance?
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Limited resources are one of the challenges in the promotion of national values.
Limited resources are one of the challenges in the promotion of national values.
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Public participation encourages ______ and community responsibility.
Public participation encourages ______ and community responsibility.
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What is one suggested measure to deal with the challenges in the promotion of national values?
What is one suggested measure to deal with the challenges in the promotion of national values?
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What is a benefit of national unity?
What is a benefit of national unity?
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Match the challenge to democracy with its description:
Match the challenge to democracy with its description:
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One of the barriers to access opportunities for marginalized individuals is _______.
One of the barriers to access opportunities for marginalized individuals is _______.
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Which benefit of democracy relates to improving service delivery?
Which benefit of democracy relates to improving service delivery?
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Match the challenges affecting the promotion of national values with their descriptions:
Match the challenges affecting the promotion of national values with their descriptions:
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Enhanced political stability is a challenge to national unity.
Enhanced political stability is a challenge to national unity.
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Name one challenge to national unity in Kenya.
Name one challenge to national unity in Kenya.
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Challenges to democracy include the ability to establish political ideologies.
Challenges to democracy include the ability to establish political ideologies.
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What is one way public participation empowers vulnerable groups?
What is one way public participation empowers vulnerable groups?
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In Kenya, power sharing involves a national government and ______ county governments.
In Kenya, power sharing involves a national government and ______ county governments.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of national unity?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of national unity?
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Sharing power aims to prevent the monopoly of political power.
Sharing power aims to prevent the monopoly of political power.
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What is a characteristic of a patriot?
What is a characteristic of a patriot?
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What is the top tier of the Judiciary structure in Kenya?
What is the top tier of the Judiciary structure in Kenya?
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The President's powers as Chief Executive are not checked by any entity.
The President's powers as Chief Executive are not checked by any entity.
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Name the two chambers that make up the Parliament at the national level in Kenya.
Name the two chambers that make up the Parliament at the national level in Kenya.
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The Judiciary is headed by the ______, who is the President of the Supreme Court.
The Judiciary is headed by the ______, who is the President of the Supreme Court.
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Match the following entities with their functions:
Match the following entities with their functions:
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Which of the following statements is true about the Kenyan Legislature?
Which of the following statements is true about the Kenyan Legislature?
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County Governments in Kenya have their own distinct judiciary.
County Governments in Kenya have their own distinct judiciary.
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What check does the National Assembly have over Cabinet Secretaries?
What check does the National Assembly have over Cabinet Secretaries?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of non-discrimination?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of non-discrimination?
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Marginalization refers to involving individuals and groups in the affairs of the larger society.
Marginalization refers to involving individuals and groups in the affairs of the larger society.
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List two challenges to the realization of non-discrimination.
List two challenges to the realization of non-discrimination.
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A group of people who are disadvantaged by discrimination are referred to as a __________ group.
A group of people who are disadvantaged by discrimination are referred to as a __________ group.
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Match the categories of marginalized persons with their descriptions:
Match the categories of marginalized persons with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a basis that has historically been used to marginalize individuals?
Which of the following is a basis that has historically been used to marginalize individuals?
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Tribalism, nepotism, and favoritism support the realization of non-discrimination.
Tribalism, nepotism, and favoritism support the realization of non-discrimination.
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What does Article 260 of the Constitution define?
What does Article 260 of the Constitution define?
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What is one of the main purposes of the affirmative action programs in Kenya?
What is one of the main purposes of the affirmative action programs in Kenya?
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All Kenyans are treated equally under the law regardless of their background.
All Kenyans are treated equally under the law regardless of their background.
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Name one key institution involved in protecting the marginalized in Kenya.
Name one key institution involved in protecting the marginalized in Kenya.
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The National Cohesion and Integration Act was enacted in the year _____ to protect marginalized groups.
The National Cohesion and Integration Act was enacted in the year _____ to protect marginalized groups.
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Match the benefits of protecting the marginalized with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the benefits of protecting the marginalized with their corresponding descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT an indicator of protection for the marginalized?
Which of the following is NOT an indicator of protection for the marginalized?
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The Government has no obligation to take measures for the protection of marginalized individuals.
The Government has no obligation to take measures for the protection of marginalized individuals.
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What are some consequences of the protection of marginalized groups?
What are some consequences of the protection of marginalized groups?
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Study Notes
Course Purpose
- To create an awareness and appreciation of human beings as a social entity within a community.
- To exemplify peaceful coexistence of individuals with diverse needs and aspirations.
- To promote a knowledge base of national cohesion and national values.
Expected Learning Outcomes
- Explain the importance of national cohesion and national values.
- Demonstrate understanding of national cohesion and national values.
- Appreciate the importance of national values and principles of good governance.
- Describe the symbols of national unity.
- Demonstrate the challenges of nurturing national cohesion and national values.
Course Content
- Nation, society, and government: Foundation of the nation, State and government, meaning of national cohesion and national values, principles of good governance, two levels of government (national and county), evolution of values, ethnic and national identities, cultural diversity, carriers and drivers of national values (family, educational institutions), strategies and approaches to effective implementation of national cohesion and national values, constitutional provisions on national cohesion and national values, nurturing national cohesion and national values, symbols of national unity (principles of social justice and democracy), cohesion and national integration, nation building, managing cultural diversity (resource distribution, social justice, and equity), national identity, political devolution, Kenyan socialization structures, good leadership, challenges to implementation of national cohesion and national values, emerging issues in cohesion and national values.
Mode of Delivery
- Lectures, group discussions, individual/group presentations.
Instructional Material/ Equipment
- Audio-visual devices, computers/internet services, journals, newspapers, chalk/pens, white boards, flip charts, etc.
Course Assessment
- 30% CATs and Class Assignments
- 70% Final Exam
- 100% Total
Topic One Introduction
- The course aims to address unresolved issues that affect Kenya's cohesiveness.
- National values are crucial for social transformation.
- Definition of ethnicity and nation
- Key features of a state
- Distinction between positive and negative ethnicity
- Challenges of achieving national unity in a multiethnic state
State
- A politically organized body of people inhabiting a defined geographical entity with an organized legitimate government, free from external control.
- Features include population, territory, sovereignty, and government.
- Permanence and recognition by other states.
Nation
- A human group conscious of forming a community, sharing a common culture, a demarcated territory, a common past, and project for the future.
- Characteristics: descended from a common ancestor, has a specific land/country, a shared language and separation from others.
Ethnicity
- A distinct community distinguished by certain characteristics (culture, language, religion).
- Based on belief by members in cultural distinctiveness and difference, willingness to find symbolic markers of that difference, and organize relationships with outsiders.
Topic Two: The Structure of the Government of Kenya
- Kenya has a pure presidential system.
- Three arms of government: Executive (Presidency, Cabinet, civil servants), Legislature (Parliament), and Judiciary (Supreme Court, Court of Appeal).
- Devolution exists at national and county levels (governors).
- Separation of powers and functions.
- Checks and balances to prevent monopoly of power by any single arm.
Topic Three: Kenya's Socialization Structures
- Socialization is the process where individuals learn societal expectations.
- It is a lifelong process impacting self-esteem and identity.
- Key agents include family, peers and social institutions.
- Socialization creates predictability and order in behavior.
- Socialization through family is important but not sufficient in contemporary Kenya.
- Socialization, and the family as a unit in Kenya, is challenged by, industrialization, modernisation, social mobility, and the life course.
Topic Four: Meaning of National Cohesion and Principles of Governance
- Governance is setting goals and motivating resource allocation at various levels (individual, institutional, etc).
- Cohesion is a desire for diverse groups of people to belong and depend on one another.
- It includes the values of unity, equity, freedom, democracy, peace, social justice, and rule of law.
- National values and principles guide citizens’ behaviours and relations.
- Indicators of a cohesive society: common vision, peaceful co-existence, appreciation for diversity, and similar life opportunities for all members.
Topic Five: National Values and Principles of Good Governance
- Values define what is desirable in life.
- Values guide human conduct and aspirations for social betterment.
- Underlying values for a nation's governance include patriotism, national unity, sharing and devolution of power, and the rule of law, amongst others.
- National values, as well as the principles of good governance, aim to achieve well-being for the citizenry, and continuous society.
Topic Six: Nation-Building and National Unity
- Nation-building constructs and structures national identity to ensure political stability.
- National symbols include the National Anthem, flag, national holidays, and national currency.
- Challenges to national unity: divisive ideologies, deteriorating morals, community, superiority/inferiority, negative ethnicity/tribalism (including the resultant distrust, marginalization, and conflict), weakening of family unity, corruption in high offices.
Topic Seven: Patriotism and National Unity
- Patriotism signifies loyalty, love, selfless service, sacrifice, devotion, and connection to one's nation.
- Indicators of patriotism include loyalty to the presidency, defending the republic, respecting the constitution, appreciating national symbols, and spirited volunteerism.
- Challenges to patriotism and national unity: ineffective leadership, marginalization, corruption, impunity, lack of accountability, low socio-economic development.
- National unity requires shared values, vision, and purpose to mitigate conflict, promote trust and ensure equal opportunities irrespective of differences between individuals and groups.
Topic Eight: Sharing and Devolution of Power
- Power sharing as a political arrangement in which opposing groups in a society participate in governance.
- Devolution as a governance system that distributes power and resources between national and county governments.
- Objectives of the devolved governance structure in Kenya, as enshrined in the constitution, include promoting democracy, fostering national unity, giving citizens self-governance powers, recognizing minority interests, and ensuring equitable national and local resource sharing.
- Benefits of sharing and devolution of power include promoting democracy, fostering national unity, promoting social and economic development, and strengthening checks and balances.
- Challenges to power sharing and devolution include political challenges (patron-client relations, potential factionalism), economic challenges (excessive taxation and corruption, inequitable resource allocation), and social challenges (increased social tensions and ethnicity or tribalism).
Topic Nine: Democracy and Participation of the People
- Democracy as a system where everyone is given equal power to participate in decision-making.
- Types of democracy: Direct and representative democracy.
- Indicators of democracy include regular, free and fair elections, citizen participation, protection of fundamental freedoms and rights, respect for the rights of minorities, adherence to the rule of law, and improved welfare of the citizens.
- Challenges to democracy in Kenya may involve inadequate institutional frameworks, corruption and unethical behavior, political cronyism, and abuse of power among others.
Topic Ten: Good Governance and Integrity
- Good governance as a process where societies make decisions on how to run, with citizens and social organizations involved.
- Governance processes include being respectful to the law, democratic, equitable, accountable, and transparent.
- Integrity as the quality enabling a person to act ethically and honestly regardless of if they are watched or not.
- Qualities are honesty, moral uprightness, trustworthiness, fairness, incorruptibility, and consistency in values, words and actions.
- Benefits of good governance and integrity include public confidence, inclusive decision making accountability, reduced conflict, improved services, ethical conduct and increased economic development.
- Challenges to good governance and integrity in Kenya include poor policy, corruption, weak leadership, inadequacy of law, political clientelism, misuse of power and lack of accountability.
Topic Eleven: Equity, Equality, Social Justice, and Inclusiveness
- Equity is about fairness in outcomes, not necessarily the same treatment.
- Equality implies the same treatment for everyone.
- Social justice as a society that considers the human rights of all citizens and provides them with fair treatment and opportunity.
- Inclusiveness is about involving everyone in the process, creating social cohesion, and equal participation in society.
- Indicators: equitable distribution of resources, reduced disparities in income, comparable development across regions, social cohesion, and political balance.
- Benefits of equity include poverty reduction, enhanced self-esteem, better standards of living, and balanced economic growth.
- Challenges of achieving equity involve bad governance, corruption, ignorance, and limited resources (political, social, economic).
Topic Twelve: Non-Discrimination
- Non-discrimination as fairness in treatment regardless of certain factors, such as gender, ethnicity, class, and religion.
- Causes of discrimination may include limited resources, ethnic prejudices, political affiliation, cultural socialization, geography, and level of education.
- Indicators of non-discrimination include equitable access to resources, opportunities, and spaces, fair decision-making processes, and equality.
- Benefits include national unity, balanced regional development, greater respect for cultural diversity, motivation of citizens, and political stability).
- Challenges to non-discrimination may involve limited resources, weak governance, corruption, political infighting, and social disparities.
Topic Thirteen: Challenges and Strategies for the Promotion of National Values and Principles of Governance
- Challenges to advancing national values: Political challenges (impunity, misuse of power), social challenges (intolerance of diversity, ethnic struggles), and economic disparities.
- Strategies for promotion of national values: strengthened governance structures (including the presidency), education, religious and faith based institutions, media, community organizations, and the role of individuals.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the challenges and benefits of citizen participation and national values in governance. This quiz covers the role of democracy, marginalization, and the importance of national unity. See how well you understand these vital concepts in enhancing community responsibility and improving service delivery.
