Week 11
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What is the primary purpose of fair information practices?

  • To govern the collection and use of personal data (correct)
  • To ensure the quality of personal data
  • To specify the purpose of data collection
  • To prevent unauthorized access to personal data

    • What is the term for the flow of personal data across national boundaries?

  • Transborder data flow (correct)
  • Data protection
  • International data exchange
  • Data globalization

    • How many principles are outlined in the OECD fair information practices guidelines?

  • 6
  • 8 (correct)
  • 5
  • 7

    • What is the purpose of the European Union Data Protection Directive?

    <p>To protect data transferred to non-European Union countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required of U.S. companies to process and store data of European consumers and companies?

    <p>Certification as meeting 'safe harbor' principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data?

    <p>Fair information practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international organization sets policies and produces agreements on topics requiring multilateral consensus?

    <p>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principles outlined in the OECD fair information practices guidelines?

    <p>Purpose specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)?

    <p>To require telecommunications industry to build tools for intercepting communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Pen Register?

    <p>A device that records the numbers dialed for outgoing calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of the USA PATRIOT Act?

    <p>It increases the ability to search various records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Trap and Trace device?

    <p>To record incoming calls for a particular phone number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the NSL gag provision?

    <p>It prohibits NSL recipients from revealing the government's request for records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the USA PATRIOT Act passed?

    <p>Five weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the USA PATRIOT Act allow law enforcement agencies to do?

    <p>Increase their ability to search various records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of National Security Letters (NSLs)?

    <p>They are not subject to judicial review or oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?

    <p>To grant citizens the right to access certain government records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a FOIA request?

    <p>The request must not require wide-ranging, unreasonable, or burdensome searches for records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Privacy Act?

    <p>To set rules for the collection, use, and dissemination of personal data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the Privacy Act?

    <p>U.S. government agencies are prohibited from concealing the existence of any personal data record-keeping system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method used to obtain information about web surfers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cookies on a website?

    <p>To identify visitors on subsequent visits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tracking software on a website?

    <p>To analyze browsing habits and deduce personal interests and preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of method used to obtain information about web surfers?

    <p>Voluntary method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cyberloafing?

    <p>Using the Internet for purposes unrelated to work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do state privacy statutes tend to favor employers over employees?

    <p>The exact reason is not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of camera surveillance?

    <p>That it is a violation of civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a vehicle event data recorder (EDR)?

    <p>To capture and record data to improve vehicle performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of the Fourth Amendment?

    <p>It does not limit how a private employer treats its employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern about camera surveillance?

    <p>That it is a violation of civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a vehicle event data recorder (EDR) in a court of law?

    <p>To determine what happened during a vehicle accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can private employers legally monitor?

    <p>Employer-provided mobile phone or computing device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of U.S. firms record and review employee communications and activities?

    <p>80 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of device may be used as evidence in court in the event of a vehicle crash?

    <p>Vehicle event data recorder (EDR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do employers increasingly use workplace monitoring?

    <p>To reduce employee abuses and expose employers to harassment lawsuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surveillance cameras in major cities around the world?

    <p>To deter crime and terrorist activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with the use of fitness trackers in the workplace?

    <p>Legal and ethical issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is illegal to do without the permission of the phone's owner?

    <p>Download a stalking app</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data does a vehicle event data recorder (EDR) record?

    <p>Data for a few seconds before, during, and after a vehicle crash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do employers monitor employee email and web surfing?

    <p>To protect against employee abuses and reduce the risk of harassment lawsuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    National Security Letters (NSLs)

    • Compel holders of personal records to turn them over to the government
    • Not subject to judicial review or oversight
    • Includes a gag provision, prohibiting NSL recipients from revealing that the government has requested an individual's records

    Pen Registers and Trap and Trace Devices

    • Pen register: A device that records electronic impulses to identify the numbers dialed for outgoing calls
    • Trap and trace: A device that records the originating number of incoming calls for a particular phone number

    Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)

    • Requires the telecommunications industry to build tools into their products for use by federal investigators, after obtaining a court order, to intercept communications
    • Gives sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and U.S. international intelligence agencies
    • Increases ability to search telephone, email, medical, financial, and other records
    • Passed five weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

    Fair Information Practices

    • A set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data
    • Form the underlying basis for many national laws addressing data privacy and data protection issues

    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

    • International organization that sets policies and produces agreements on topics for which multilateral consensus is required
    • OECD fair information practices guidelines comprise eight principles:
      • Collection limitation
      • Data quality
      • Purpose specification
      • Use limitation
      • Security safeguards
      • Openness principle
      • Individual participation
      • Accountability

    European Union Data Protection Directive

    • Ensures that data transferred to non-European Union countries is protected
    • Only U.S. companies certified as meeting certain "safe harbor" principles are allowed to process and store data of European consumers and companies

    Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

    • Grants citizens the right to access certain information and records of federal, state, and local governments upon request
    • Two basic requirements for a FOIA request:
      • The request must not require wide-ranging, unreasonable, or burdensome searches for records
      • The request must be made according to procedural regulations published in the Federal Register

    Privacy Act

    • Sets rules for the collection, use, and dissemination of personal data kept by federal agencies
    • Prohibits U.S. government agencies from concealing the existence of any personal data record-keeping system

    Consumer Profiling

    • Information about web surfers can be obtained through:
      • Voluntary methods: Website registrations, surveys, contests, and social media
      • Cookies: Text files that can be downloaded to the hard drives of users who visit a website, so that the website is able to identify visitors on subsequent visits
      • Tracking software: Allows a website to analyze browsing habits and deduce personal interests and preferences

    Workplace Monitoring

    • Cyberloafing: Using the Internet for purposes unrelated to work
    • Private employers may legally monitor employees' use of any employer-provided mobile phone or computing device
    • The Fourth Amendment does not limit how a private employer treats its employees
    • State privacy statutes tend to favor employers over employees

    Advanced Surveillance Technology

    • Camera surveillance:
      • Used in major cities around the world to deter crime and terrorist activities
      • Criticism: Such scrutiny is a violation of civil liberties and the cost of the equipment and people required to monitor the video feeds is excessive
    • Vehicle event data recorder (EDR):
      • Records vehicle and occupant data for a few seconds before, during, and after any vehicle crash severe enough to deploy the vehicle's air bags
      • Purposes: To capture and record data to make changes to improve vehicle performance and for use in a court of law to determine what happened during a vehicle accident

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    Related Documents

    Ethics in Information Technology Chapter 4 Privacy PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the features and implications of National Security Letters, including gag provisions, judicial review, and surveillance methods like pen registers and trap and trace devices.

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