National Flood Insurance Act and Mortgage Market Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)?

  • Real estate investments subject to taxation based on their annual earnings
  • Investors personally manage their real estate investments
  • Investors purchase trust certificates to invest in real estate assets (correct)
  • A group of investors who pool their funds to purchase real estate

Which type of investment entity involves all members both owning and managing it together?

  • Syndicate
  • Direct Investor
  • General Partnership (correct)
  • Limited Partnership

What does capital gain refer to when selling a residence?

  • Amount realized from the sale minus adjusted basis (correct)
  • Total selling costs of the residence
  • Total selling price of the residence
  • Initial purchase price of the residence

What is the purpose of Cost Recovery (Depreciation) in real estate investments?

<p>To reduce taxable income by deducting a portion of the property's value each year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Net Operating Income (NOI) calculated in real estate investments?

<p>Gross Operating Income minus Operating Expenses &amp; Reserves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Taxable Earnings in real estate investments?

<p>Net Operating Income (NOI) plus reserves, minus interest and depreciation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a promissory note in a mortgage transaction?

<p>To provide a written promise to repay the loan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financial element represents the initial capital borrowed on which interest payments are calculated?

<p>Principal amount (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the loan origination fee represent in a mortgage transaction?

<p>One percent of the loan amount (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is equity defined in a mortgage transaction?

<p>Difference between market value and loan balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hypothecation in relation to a mortgage loan?

<p>Using real estate as security for the loan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a trust deed transaction, what is the purpose of the promissory note?

<p>To provide a written promise to repay the loan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mortgage requires a lump-sum payment at the end of the term?

<p>Partially amortized mortgages with a balloon payment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which loan type has payments that are interest-only, with the principal balance retired in full at maturity using a balloon payment?

<p>Interest-only loans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does leverage refer to in real estate investing?

<p>Relationship between yield rate and borrowed funds interest rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mortgage allows financing personal property along with mortgage loans?

<p>Package mortgage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a reverse annuity mortgage?

<p>To provide periodic payments in exchange for equity liquidation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines liquidity in investments?

<p>The degree to which an investment is readily marketable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Asset' is defined as:

<p>'A tangible or intangible item of value' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Basis' in real estate refers to:

<p>'A measurement of how much is invested in the property for tax purposes' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cash flow' in real estate investments is:

<p>'The remaining positive or negative income an investment produces' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the National Flood Insurance Act?

<p>To provide insurance for homeowners in designated flood-hazard areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity sets the reserve requirement for member banks in the US?

<p>Federal Reserve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLBS) in relation to savings & loan associations?

<p>Acts as a counterpart to the Federal Reserve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity guarantees payment on certain types of loans in the US financial system?

<p>Ginnie Mae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a mortgage loan originator in the lending process?

<p>Soliciting and negotiating mortgage loans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mortgage typically requires a 20% down payment?

<p>Conventional mortgages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in negative amortization with regards to mortgage payments?

<p>Unpaid monthly amounts are added to the principal balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of an adjustable rate mortgage?

<p>Interest rates fluctuate based on an index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of rate and payment caps in adjustable mortgages?

<p>Protecting borrowers from unaffordable increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do index and margin function in adjustable rate mortgages?

<p>They result in adjustments to payments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of redemption clauses in loan agreements?

<p>To allow borrowers to satisfy demands without facing adverse consequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do release clauses come into effect in loan agreements?

<p>Upon full payment completion by debtors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do defeasance clauses require after successful repayments?

<p>Mortgage releases executed by lending institutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, what is prohibited as a basis for rejecting credit?

<p>Reduced earnings from part-time employment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a borrower's income qualified when applying for a loan?

<p>Income ratio and debt ratio are taken into account (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) when LTVs become too risky for lenders?

<p>To insure portions of the purchase price (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law prohibits discrimination in lending based on factors like race or religion?

<p>Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV)' expresses the loan amount as a percentage relationship to which value?

<p>0.8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the trust deed do in a deed of trust arrangement?

<p>Transfers ownership of the borrower's property to a trustee (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) regulate?

<p>Amount of funds lenders can require for taxes and insurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of private mortgage insurance (PMI)?

<p>To protect lenders from losses due to borrower defaults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Condemnation Clause specify in a mortgage agreement?

<p>Procedure if property is condemned or taken through eminent domain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an escrow account in a mortgage agreement?

<p>To hold funds for taxes and insurance payments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a borrower sells their interest in a property without consent in a Due-on-Sale Clause situation?

<p>Immediate repayment of the loan can be demanded (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of PITI in relation to mortgage payments?

<p>Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What obligation does the borrower have regarding property insurance?

<p>Insure the property according to the lender's requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can lenders take if borrowers jeopardize a property’s value?

<p>Take steps necessary to protect their rights in the property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can reinstatement occur for borrowers who defaulted on loan obligations?

<p>Conditions like paying overdue balances and expenses must be met (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financial element refers to the charge for borrowing money, with a fixed or variable rate?

<p>Interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) represent in a mortgage transaction?

<p>The loan's share of the total property value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a trust deed in a deed of trust arrangement?

<p>Recording a lien against the borrower's property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hypothecation refer to in relation to a mortgage loan?

<p>Using real estate as security for a mortgage loan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between principal amount and loan balance in a mortgage transaction?

<p>Principal amount is the initial capital borrowed, while loan balance is the remaining unpaid principal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an annual percentage rate (APR) in a mortgage transaction?

<p>Calculating interest and other finance charges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) investment?

<p>Returns are shared among investors based on ownership percentage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In real estate investments, what does 'negative leverage' refer to?

<p>Fluctuations in prices cause financial losses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What obligation does the seller of a primary residence have concerning taxes when it is sold?

<p>The seller is responsible for paying taxes on capital gains from the sale. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of investment entity involves investors purchasing trust certificates to invest in real estate assets?

<p>Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the calculation formula for 'Net cash flow after taxes'?

<p>To determine the tax liability on the property. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Cost recovery, or depreciation' allow real estate investors to do?

<p>Deduct a portion of property's value annually from gross income as defined by tax laws. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do redemption clauses in loan agreements allow borrowers to do?

<p>Avoid adverse consequences by satisfying demands placed by creditors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do release clauses come into effect in loan agreements?

<p>Upon successful repayments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of defeasance clauses?

<p>Require mortgage releases after successful repayments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what Act must lenders assess an applicant's income and credit information on their own merit?

<p>Equal Credit Opportunity Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range for income ratios used in qualifying borrowers for loans?

<p>25-28% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) help decrease when LTVs become too risky for conventional lenders?

<p>High-risk situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Truth-in-Lending and Regulation Z enforce before closing on a loan?

<p>Disclosure of finance charges and APR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act?

<p>Prohibits discrimination in lending based on various factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) standardize?

<p>Buyers' comprehension of settlement costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Capital Recovery (Depreciation) in real estate investments?

<p>To reduce PMI insurance costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mortgage involves pledging equity to a lender in exchange for periodic payments?

<p>Reverse annuity mortgage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which loan type has payments that are interest-only, with the principal balance retired in full at maturity using a balloon payment?

<p>Reverse annuity mortgage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a purchase money mortgage?

<p>Covering portions of the purchase price using property as collateral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'equity' represent in real estate?

<p>The portion of a property's value owned by the legal owner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of an adjustable rate mortgage?

<p>Low initial interest rates that increase over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial arrangement involves receiving periodic receipt of equity liquidation in exchange for an increase in debt owed on the property?

<p>Reverse annuity mortgage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Package mortgage' deals with financing articles of personal property as part of which transaction?

<p>Home purchase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Partially amortized mortgages with a balloon payment' require a lump-sum payment because payments do not retire what over the life of the loan?

<p>'Principal balance' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV)' expresses the relationship between which two elements?

<p>'Loan amount' and 'home purchase price' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In real estate, what does 'capital gain (or loss)' represent?

<p>The difference between net sales proceeds and adjusted basis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a deed of trust do in a real estate transaction?

<p>Transfers ownership of the borrower's property to a trustee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of private mortgage insurance (PMI) in real estate transactions?

<p>Protects lenders from losses due to borrower defaults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) in mortgage agreements?

<p>Limits the amount lenders can require for taxes and insurance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a borrower ensure regarding property insurance in a mortgage agreement?

<p>Meeting lender's insurance requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can lenders demand immediate repayment from borrowers according to the Transfer of Property/Beneficial Interest clause?

<p>If borrowers sell their interest without consent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can lenders take if borrowers misuse a property for illegal purposes?

<p>Bill borrowers for any costs associated with protecting their rights in the property (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PITI stand for in relation to mortgage payments?

<p>Principal, interest, taxes, insurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Acceleration' in mortgage agreements refers to what?

<p>Requirement calling for settlement prior scheduled dates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of borrowers of 'federally-related loans' in designated flood-hazard areas?

<p>To obtain homeowners insurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Federal Reserve control money supply among banks?

<p>By selling government bonds to decrease money supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the financial system?

<p>Insures deposits up to $250,000 per depositor per insured bank account ownership category (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLBS) in relation to savings & loan associations?

<p>Stimulates and expands agricultural credit availability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mortgage loan originators from brokers and bankers in the lending process?

<p>They require an MLO license and solicit/negotiate mortgage loans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity is responsible for setting the reserve requirement for member banks in the US?

<p>Federal Reserve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do FNMA and FHLMC play in the mortgage market?

<p>Buy conventional loans and pooled mortgages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) compared to fixed-rate mortgages?

<p>Interest rates fluctuate based on an index (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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