Narratology Session 1 Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which narrative form is primarily discussed as a distinction within Literary Studies?

  • Novels and drama (correct)
  • Screenplays
  • Non-fiction
  • Poetry
  • What types of texts are included in the Linguistic perspective on narrative?

  • Dramatic texts and essays
  • Instructional texts and poetry
  • Narrative texts and obituaries (correct)
  • Scientific reports and novels
  • In the context of Social Sciences, what central question is addressed regarding narratives?

  • What are the genres of literature?
  • Why do people tell stories? (correct)
  • How are narratives linguistically formulated?
  • What is the structure of narratives?
  • What feature distinguishes narratives from drama within the Literary perspective?

    <p>Narrator presence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Linguistics tends to focus on shorter text types?

    <p>Text grammars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mode of explanation mentioned under the Cognitive Sciences perspective?

    <p>Metaphor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of text within the Linguistics perspective?

    <p>Technical manuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes narrative clauses from other types of clauses in Linguistics?

    <p>Their sequence with other clause types (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the narrator emphasize about narrative in the text?

    <p>Narrative is a product and a process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Esther described physically in the passage?

    <p>Short and strongly built with a plump neck. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional expression does Esther exhibit when she laughs?

    <p>Bright humor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the porter suggest about Esther's bundle?

    <p>It can be left behind safely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is Esther's dress as described in the passage?

    <p>Yellow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a narrative from a random series of events?

    <p>A continuant subject and a cohesive whole. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates Esther's bundle is heavy?

    <p>The sharp bulging of the cloth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distracts the porter from his interaction with Esther?

    <p>The station-master calling him away. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the definition of a narrative?

    <p>It can consist of multiple narrators or narratees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What detail is provided about the donkey-cart in the passage?

    <p>It comes down every evening to fetch parcels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is crucial for a text to be classified as a narrative?

    <p>It involves a temporal sequence of events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definitions provided, which type of text does not qualify as a narrative?

    <p>Mary is tall and Peter is small. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which context is narrative universally present?

    <p>Every human society known to history and anthropology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason that dramatic performances do not constitute a narrative?

    <p>Events occur directly rather than being recounted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is considered typical of human beings in relation to narrative?

    <p>They learn to produce and process narratives at a very early age. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best represents the structure of a narrative as defined in the provided content?

    <p>A chronological record of events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central question regarding the cognitive perspective of storytelling?

    <p>What is the mental purpose of storytelling? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT associated with tellability in conversation analysis?

    <p>In-depth analysis of visuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Michael Bamberg, what is an important element of storytelling?

    <p>Positioning of the storyteller (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Fludernik’s model emphasize in storytelling?

    <p>Experientiality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the illustrative purposes of storytelling?

    <p>To illustrate current arguments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best captures the essence of a story's explanatory value?

    <p>Understanding cause and effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theme does John Keats convey in the quoted poem?

    <p>Transience of beauty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metaphor is used in W.S. Merwin's illustration about unwrapping?

    <p>Curiosity as a lifelong pursuit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is primarily associated with the body described in the content?

    <p>White (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial bid communicated to the person inquiring about the house?

    <p>$33,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the visual depiction of the body?

    <p>Bare and fixed on white (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'traces blurs signs no meaning light grey almost white' suggest?

    <p>A lack of clarity or significance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did the person consider when making a bid on the house?

    <p>Bidding a little higher than the current bid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about the condition of the bare white body in the described setting?

    <p>It is blending into the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional state is suggested by the phrase 'silence within' as it relates to the character?

    <p>Inner peace (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the repetitive mention of the color white suggest about the environment?

    <p>It is bleak and monotonous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Narrative

    A structured account of events that can be found in various forms like literature, film, or conversation.

    Literary Studies Perspective

    Focus on narrative forms like epics, poetry, and drama to understand narrative structures.

    Linguistic Perspective

    Analyzes different types of texts including argumentative, instructional, and narrative.

    Social Sciences Perspective

    Explores motivations behind storytelling and how stories impact social interactions.

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    Cognitive Sciences Perspective

    Examines how narratives influence thought processes and memory retention.

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    Text Types

    Categories of texts like narrative, descriptive, and expository based on their function and form.

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    Mediacy vs Immediacy

    Mediacy refers to the narrative's distance from events while immediacy refers to a direct, real-time representation.

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    Pragmatics

    The branch of linguistics that studies the context and use of language in communication.

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    Narrators

    Individuals or entities that communicate the narrative to the audience.

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    Narratees

    Individuals or entities who receive and interpret the narrative.

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    Event

    An occurrence that is recounted in a narrative, important for its structure.

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    Closure

    A narrative quality that provides a sense of completion or resolution.

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    Temporal sequence

    The arrangement of events in chronological order within a narrative.

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    Continuant subject

    A consistent character or theme that runs through the narrative.

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    Universality of narrative

    The concept that narrative is present in all human societies and cultures.

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    Samuel Beckett

    An Irish playwright and author known for his influential works.

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    Na's Knife

    A work by Beckett highlighting themes of existence and perception.

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    Fixed Position

    A term describing the state of being stationary and unmoveable.

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    Invisible

    Something that cannot be seen or perceived.

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    Light Gray

    A color description often used to represent dullness or neutrality.

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    Murmur

    A soft and indistinct sound; often a whisper.

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    Right Angle

    An angle of 90 degrees, forming a perfect corner.

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    Perception

    The process of interpreting sensory information.

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    Tellability

    The quality of a narrative that makes it worth telling.

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    Cognitive Purpose of Storytelling

    The mental functions that storytelling serves, such as understanding and memory.

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    Explanatory value of narratives

    Stories provide understanding of cause and effect and temporal sequences.

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    Experientiality (Fludernik)

    The idea that narratives engage the listener's own experiences.

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    Positioning (Michael Bamberg)

    How narrators position themselves and others within their stories.

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    Self-Presentation

    The way individuals portray themselves through storytelling.

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    Metaphor in storytelling

    Using analogies to express complex ideas within narratives.

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    Performance in narratives

    The dramatic aspect of storytelling that engages audiences.

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    Narrative Process

    The method of telling a story through events and characters.

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    Setting

    The time and place where a story occurs.

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    Character Description

    Details about a character's appearance and personality.

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    Conflict

    The struggle between opposing forces in a narrative.

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    Dynamic Character

    A character who undergoes significant change throughout the story.

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    Static Character

    A character who remains the same throughout the narrative.

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    Study Notes

    Narratology Session 1

    • Narratology is a lecture course for the winter semester 2024-25, taught by Monika Fludernik.

    What is Narrative?

    • Various perspectives on narrative from different fields are considered:
      • Literary Studies (Epic, Lyric, Dramatic: narrative, poetry, drama)
      • Linguistics (argumentative texts, instructional texts, narrative texts, description, expository texts, explanatory texts, conversation)
      • Social Sciences (performance, face, purposes)
      • Cognitive Sciences (modes of explanation: narrative, metaphor)

    Pros and Cons of the Literary Perspective

    • Basic distinction is made between narrative (novel) and drama (mediacy of narrative vs. immediacy of drama in the narrator).
    • Examples such as film, cartoon, ballet, and dramatic narrative are mentioned.

    Pros and Cons of the Linguistic Perspective

    • The list of text types is open, encompassing distinctions between global text types, genres, and subgenres, and discourse modes (e.g., narrative – novel, short story, film, Gothic novel, detective story, etc).
    • Linguistic analysis often focuses on shorter texts like obituaries, recipes, or application letters.
    • Principles like text grammars (focused on syntactic model, Chomsky) and pragmatics (looking at context and use) are highlighted.

    Pros and Cons of the Social Science Perspective

    • The central question focuses on why people tell stories.
    • Analysis includes aspects like tellability and point- conversational analysis, entertainment/performance, self-presentation, current argument illustration, positioning (Michael Bamberg), and expression of ideas and emotions.

    Pros and Cons of the Cognitive Perspective

    • The central question focuses on the mental/cognitive purpose of storytelling.
    • Explanatory value of narratives (cause and effect, temporality) is compared to other forms of explanation like metaphors or diagrams or visualisations.
    • Experientiality (model Fludernik) is mentioned.

    Moving Towards a Definition

    • Various examples of narratives given and analysed.

    Definitions (as per Gerald Prince's Dictionary of Narratology)

    • Narrative is the recounting of one or more real or fictitious events communicated by one or more narrators to one or more narratees.
    • Example texts (such as about electrons, people, or events) which do not have an event sequence are not narratives.
    • A dramatic performance likewise is not a narrative, as the events occur directly in the performance.
    • Even seemingly simple texts, such as "the man opened the door," or "the goldfish died," are considered narratives under this definition.

    Additional Criteria for Narrative

    • Narratives usually have a continuant subject and represent a whole.
    • Narratives are ubiquitous, found in every society and used at an early age.
    • The key element in a narrative is temporal sequence (causation).
    • Narratives are not only products, but also processes, emphasising the element of communication.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of narratology in this quiz based on Session 1 of the lecture course led by Monika Fludernik. Delve into various perspectives on narrative from literary studies, linguistics, social sciences, and cognitive sciences. Understand the distinctions between narrative forms and text types.

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