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According to narrative theory, how do we construct the world?
According to narrative theory, how do we construct the world?
We construct the world through narratives.
What is the challenge of understanding our everyday thinking?
What is the challenge of understanding our everyday thinking?
The challenge is to understand our everyday interpretations of the world in storied form.
What do narratives provide to our constantly changing lives?
What do narratives provide to our constantly changing lives?
Narratives bring order and meaning to our constantly changing lives.
How do we create narrative identity?
How do we create narrative identity?
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What are the central themes in life stories according to McAdams (1993)?
What are the central themes in life stories according to McAdams (1993)?
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What are the three possible structures of a narrative?
What are the three possible structures of a narrative?
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What does the tone of a narrative refer to?
What does the tone of a narrative refer to?
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What is the key motivation for a person according to a narrative theme?
What is the key motivation for a person according to a narrative theme?
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McAdams Interview Protocol gathers data from experiences, memories, significant people, intentions, conflicts and tensions.
McAdams Interview Protocol gathers data from experiences, memories, significant people, intentions, conflicts and tensions.
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What is the aim of the life story interview?
What is the aim of the life story interview?
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What is the aim of Episodic Interview?
What is the aim of Episodic Interview?
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What are the three phases of the Narrative Analysis Process?
What are the three phases of the Narrative Analysis Process?
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What is the aim of the reading phase in the Narrative Analysis Process?
What is the aim of the reading phase in the Narrative Analysis Process?
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What are the key features of the narrative that need to be identified during the summary phase?
What are the key features of the narrative that need to be identified during the summary phase?
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What are the other elements that can be analyzed in the interpretation phase of narrative analysis?
What are the other elements that can be analyzed in the interpretation phase of narrative analysis?
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What does the term ethnography literally mean?
What does the term ethnography literally mean?
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Ethnography originated as a research strategy to document isolated tribes.
Ethnography originated as a research strategy to document isolated tribes.
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What is the importance of understanding things from the point of view of those involved in ethnographic research?
What is the importance of understanding things from the point of view of those involved in ethnographic research?
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What is the essential time commitment for ethnographic researchers?
What is the essential time commitment for ethnographic researchers?
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Daily life is considered irrelevant to an ethnographers data gathering.
Daily life is considered irrelevant to an ethnographers data gathering.
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What is the aim of an ethnographers research?
What is the aim of an ethnographers research?
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Ethnographers typically take a holistic approach to their research.
Ethnographers typically take a holistic approach to their research.
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What is the outcome of a ethnographic study?
What is the outcome of a ethnographic study?
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What does a life history approach involve?
What does a life history approach involve?
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What is the aim of portraying the lives of specific people in a life history approach?
What is the aim of portraying the lives of specific people in a life history approach?
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Life histories are used to reveal new things about the cultural, historical, and social circumstances surrounding an individual.
Life histories are used to reveal new things about the cultural, historical, and social circumstances surrounding an individual.
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All researchers studying life histories take an analytic approach.
All researchers studying life histories take an analytic approach.
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Life histories rely primarily on interview data, but may also use secondary sources.
Life histories rely primarily on interview data, but may also use secondary sources.
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What is a challenge to the idiographic stance within ethnography?
What is a challenge to the idiographic stance within ethnography?
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Ethnographic studies aim to build up generalized knowledge about human societies.
Ethnographic studies aim to build up generalized knowledge about human societies.
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What are the two endpoints of the spectrum of ethnographic approaches?
What are the two endpoints of the spectrum of ethnographic approaches?
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The pragmatic view of ethnography embraces both idiographic descriptions and generalizability.
The pragmatic view of ethnography embraces both idiographic descriptions and generalizability.
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What is the first step in an ethnographic research project?
What is the first step in an ethnographic research project?
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What should be considered when selecting a location for research?
What should be considered when selecting a location for research?
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What is important to consider when choosing a presentation method?
What is important to consider when choosing a presentation method?
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It is always ethical to collect data without informing the people you are observing.
It is always ethical to collect data without informing the people you are observing.
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Ethnographers require permission to research a given location or group.
Ethnographers require permission to research a given location or group.
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What is the purpose of archival data in ethnographic research?
What is the purpose of archival data in ethnographic research?
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What are the advantages of ethnography?
What are the advantages of ethnography?
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Action research focuses on 'hands-on' research projects.
Action research focuses on 'hands-on' research projects.
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Action research is typically large-scale and aims to change an entire organization.
Action research is typically large-scale and aims to change an entire organization.
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Action research is characterized by a cyclical process of research, action, and reflection.
Action research is characterized by a cyclical process of research, action, and reflection.
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Action research emphasizes the passive participation of practitioners.
Action research emphasizes the passive participation of practitioners.
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The design of action research is highly structured and prescribes specific methods.
The design of action research is highly structured and prescribes specific methods.
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Action research is primarily concerned with achieving change.
Action research is primarily concerned with achieving change.
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Action research is not considered a research strategy, but rather a specific method.
Action research is not considered a research strategy, but rather a specific method.
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Action research seeks to achieve grand-scale changes rather than smaller-scale improvements.
Action research seeks to achieve grand-scale changes rather than smaller-scale improvements.
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What is the primary focus of action research?
What is the primary focus of action research?
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One of the most common kinds of change in action research occurs at the level of professional self-development.
One of the most common kinds of change in action research occurs at the level of professional self-development.
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Reflecting on your own practice is sufficient for it to be considered action research.
Reflecting on your own practice is sufficient for it to be considered action research.
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What are the three crucial points about the cycle of inquiry in Action research?
What are the three crucial points about the cycle of inquiry in Action research?
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Action research always focuses on addressing problems, never evaluating changes that have been implemented.
Action research always focuses on addressing problems, never evaluating changes that have been implemented.
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The participatory nature of Action research is one of its most distinctive features.
The participatory nature of Action research is one of its most distinctive features.
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Action research has disadvantages such as limitations on its scope and scale, lack of control over variables, difficulties in maintaining impartiality, and increased workload for practitioners?
Action research has disadvantages such as limitations on its scope and scale, lack of control over variables, difficulties in maintaining impartiality, and increased workload for practitioners?
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What are the advantages of action research?
What are the advantages of action research?
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The integration of research with practice in action research makes it difficult to manipulate variables and exert control over the research process.
The integration of research with practice in action research makes it difficult to manipulate variables and exert control over the research process.
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What are the limitations of action research?
What are the limitations of action research?
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Action research is well-suited for small-scale research projects.
Action research is well-suited for small-scale research projects.
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Grounded theory is an approach dedicated to testing theories.
Grounded theory is an approach dedicated to testing theories.
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Grounded theory emphasizes the use of abstract conceptual frameworks for explaining social phenomena.
Grounded theory emphasizes the use of abstract conceptual frameworks for explaining social phenomena.
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Grounded theory aligns with a pragmatist philosophical heritage, focusing on the practical application of theory.
Grounded theory aligns with a pragmatist philosophical heritage, focusing on the practical application of theory.
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Grounded theory only emphasizes the importance of empirical data for theory generation.
Grounded theory only emphasizes the importance of empirical data for theory generation.
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Researchers in grounded theory should start with an open mind and avoid utilizing previous theories or research.
Researchers in grounded theory should start with an open mind and avoid utilizing previous theories or research.
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Grounded theory is the only approach for conducting exploratory, qualitative research.
Grounded theory is the only approach for conducting exploratory, qualitative research.
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What is the starting point of grounded theory?
What is the starting point of grounded theory?
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Initial sites for fieldwork should be representative of the population as a whole.
Initial sites for fieldwork should be representative of the population as a whole.
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What is meant by 'theoretical sampling' in grounded theory?
What is meant by 'theoretical sampling' in grounded theory?
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Theoretical sampling involves predetermined categories and sites before the research begins.
Theoretical sampling involves predetermined categories and sites before the research begins.
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The constant comparative method is used for analyzing data in grounded theory.
The constant comparative method is used for analyzing data in grounded theory.
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The constant comparative method is designed to promote researchers to integrate categories and promote better categories and descriptions.
The constant comparative method is designed to promote researchers to integrate categories and promote better categories and descriptions.
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The point of theoretical saturation in grounded theory occurs when no new data is being collected.
The point of theoretical saturation in grounded theory occurs when no new data is being collected.
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Grounded theory is best-suited for large-scale research projects compared to smaller-scale projects.
Grounded theory is best-suited for large-scale research projects compared to smaller-scale projects.
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What are the advantages of grounded theory?
What are the advantages of grounded theory?
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Experiments are considered a model of good practice in the physical sciences but not in social sciences.
Experiments are considered a model of good practice in the physical sciences but not in social sciences.
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The purpose of experiments is to isolate individual factors and observe their effects in detail, with the aim of discovering new relationships and properties or testing existing theories.
The purpose of experiments is to isolate individual factors and observe their effects in detail, with the aim of discovering new relationships and properties or testing existing theories.
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What are the three key aspects of conducting experiments?
What are the three key aspects of conducting experiments?
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The identification of causal factors involves manipulating key variables by introducing or excluding them from the situation.
The identification of causal factors involves manipulating key variables by introducing or excluding them from the situation.
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Controls are used to ensure that changes in the dependent variable are only caused by the independent variable.
Controls are used to ensure that changes in the dependent variable are only caused by the independent variable.
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Experiments rely solely on the researcher's intuition and subjective interpretations.
Experiments rely solely on the researcher's intuition and subjective interpretations.
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The aim of controlling variables is to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are only caused by the independent variable.
The aim of controlling variables is to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are only caused by the independent variable.
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Experiments require the researcher to introduce a new factor, eliminate another factor, or hold factors constant through exclusion or inclusion.
Experiments require the researcher to introduce a new factor, eliminate another factor, or hold factors constant through exclusion or inclusion.
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The observer effect refers to the phenomenon where participants alter their behavior when they are aware of being observed.
The observer effect refers to the phenomenon where participants alter their behavior when they are aware of being observed.
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Researchers are advised to spend considerable time on site before starting research to minimize the observer effect.
Researchers are advised to spend considerable time on site before starting research to minimize the observer effect.
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Laboratory experiments are characterized by their emphasis on controls, detailed observation, and measurement, shorter duration, and location in a natural setting.
Laboratory experiments are characterized by their emphasis on controls, detailed observation, and measurement, shorter duration, and location in a natural setting.
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Field experiments are subject to less control compared to laboratory experiments.
Field experiments are subject to less control compared to laboratory experiments.
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Internal validity refers to the trustworthiness of the causal relationship being tested in an experiment.
Internal validity refers to the trustworthiness of the causal relationship being tested in an experiment.
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External validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, or times.
External validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, or times.
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There is always a trade-off between internal and external validity, meaning strong internal validity leads to weak external validity.
There is always a trade-off between internal and external validity, meaning strong internal validity leads to weak external validity.
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Manipulating social situations and people's lives for experiment purposes is both feasible and ethical.
Manipulating social situations and people's lives for experiment purposes is both feasible and ethical.
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What are the advantages of experiments?
What are the advantages of experiments?
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What is the term for research that combines different approaches, such as qualitative and quantitative methods?
What is the term for research that combines different approaches, such as qualitative and quantitative methods?
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Mixed methods research is limited to combining qualitative and quantitative methods.
Mixed methods research is limited to combining qualitative and quantitative methods.
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Mixed methods research is often referred to as 'multi-method', 'multi-strategy', or 'integrated methods' research.
Mixed methods research is often referred to as 'multi-method', 'multi-strategy', or 'integrated methods' research.
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What is the key idea behind 'mixed methods' research?
What is the key idea behind 'mixed methods' research?
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Mixed methods research emphasizes the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches but does not articulate the link between them.
Mixed methods research emphasizes the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches but does not articulate the link between them.
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Mixed methods research prioritizes pragmatic approaches to addressing research problems, prioritizing practical outcomes and solutions.
Mixed methods research prioritizes pragmatic approaches to addressing research problems, prioritizing practical outcomes and solutions.
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Mixed methods research challenges the traditional assumption that research should maintain consistency across all stages, from research questions to data analysis.
Mixed methods research challenges the traditional assumption that research should maintain consistency across all stages, from research questions to data analysis.
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What are some situations where mixed methods research is particularly useful?
What are some situations where mixed methods research is particularly useful?
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Researchers using mixed methods should clearly articulate the reasons for using the combination of methods and the specific benefits.
Researchers using mixed methods should clearly articulate the reasons for using the combination of methods and the specific benefits.
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When using mixed methods, it is essential to define the sequence, priority, and relationship between each method.
When using mixed methods, it is essential to define the sequence, priority, and relationship between each method.
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The non-corroboration of findings from different methods is always a negative outcome in mixed methods research.
The non-corroboration of findings from different methods is always a negative outcome in mixed methods research.
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What are the advantages of mixed methods research?
What are the advantages of mixed methods research?
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T-tests and ANOVAs are tests of differences or hypothesis tests.
T-tests and ANOVAs are tests of differences or hypothesis tests.
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T-tests are used to compare either two or three groups, while ANOVAs are used to compare three of more groups.
T-tests are used to compare either two or three groups, while ANOVAs are used to compare three of more groups.
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Independent Samples T-test is another term for Unpaired T-test, and they are used to compare the means of two independent groups of data.
Independent Samples T-test is another term for Unpaired T-test, and they are used to compare the means of two independent groups of data.
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Dependent Samples T-test, also known as Paired T-test or Repeated Measures T-test, is used to compare the means of two dependent groups of data, where the same individuals are measured at least twice.
Dependent Samples T-test, also known as Paired T-test or Repeated Measures T-test, is used to compare the means of two dependent groups of data, where the same individuals are measured at least twice.
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The common assumptions of T-tests are independence of the observations, normality of the data, and homogeneity of variances.
The common assumptions of T-tests are independence of the observations, normality of the data, and homogeneity of variances.
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One-Way ANOVA is used to compare the means of more than two groups based on two factors.
One-Way ANOVA is used to compare the means of more than two groups based on two factors.
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Repeated Measures ANOVA is used to compare the means of repeated measures from the same subjects across different conditions, such as pre-test and post-test scores, or measured over time.
Repeated Measures ANOVA is used to compare the means of repeated measures from the same subjects across different conditions, such as pre-test and post-test scores, or measured over time.
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Mixed Method ANOVA is used to analyze data with a combination of between-subjects and within-subjects factors.
Mixed Method ANOVA is used to analyze data with a combination of between-subjects and within-subjects factors.
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The common assumptions of ANOVA/F-tests are independence of observations, normality of the data, homogeneity of variances, and sphericity for repeated measures.
The common assumptions of ANOVA/F-tests are independence of observations, normality of the data, homogeneity of variances, and sphericity for repeated measures.
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Study Notes
Narrative Analysis
- Narratives are organized interpretations of events, attributing agency to characters and inferring causal links. Traditionally, narratives have a beginning, middle, and end.
- Narrative elements include: structure, tone, themes, images, metaphors, beliefs, values, and other elements.
- Stories shape our understanding of the world, our identities, and our reactions to change.
Collecting Narratives
- Methods for collecting narratives include Life Story Interviews (asking participants to tell their entire life story) and Episodic Interviews (asking participants to recall specific experiences of change).
- The McAdams Interview Protocol helps researchers extract key events, important memories, significant people, future chapters, tensions, conflicts, personal ideology, and life themes from life stories.
Narrative Analysis Process
- Phase 1: Thoroughly read the narrative. Familiarize with its structure and content.
- Phase 2: Summarize the narrative. Identify key features (beginning, middle, end) and critical issues.
- Phase 3: Interpret the narrative. Analyze structure, tone, themes, images, metaphors, beliefs, values, and social contexts.
Ethnography
- Ethnography is a descriptive study of people or cultures, often tracing history and understanding a group through their beliefs, lifestyles, and interactions.
- Researchers spend significant time living within the culture to understand their meanings of everyday life. This generally involves a holistic approach, emphasizing interconnections and relationships rather than isolated elements.
- Life history approaches trace the experiences of individuals to find cultural, social, and historical context.
- Ethnographic research, in its most general sense, can look for patterns to find broader theories and explanations.
Action Research
- Action research focuses on real-world problems and issues in practical settings (workplaces, organizations).
- Researchers participate actively, not passively, in a cyclical process of research.
- Feedback loops between research and action are key elements of this type of research.
- The research scale is usually small, and action researchers focus on their practice.
Grounded Theory
- Grounded theory aims to generate theories from empirical research.
- Theories are based on systematic data analysis.
- Theoretical sampling is used to select relevant instances to validate the research.
- The researcher focuses on the practical application of the theory and its meaningful relevance.
T-test and ANOVA
- T-tests and ANOVAs are statistical tests used to determine differences in means between groups of data.
- T-tests compare means in two groups (one-way and two-way), while ANOVAs compare means in three or more groups. Assumptions of these tests include independence of observations, normality of data, and homogeneity of variances.
- Types of T-tests include independent samples T-tests (unpaired), paired samples T-tests (repeated measures), and within-subjects T-tests.
Mixed Methods
- Mixed methods research deliberately combines different research approaches in a single study to get a fuller picture.
- It frequently mixes qualitative and quantitative methods.
- Benefits include greater accuracy, comprehensiveness, compensating for strengths/weaknesses, developing analyses, and establishing relationships between approaches.
- A mixed methods project typically has a sequence/order, priorities, and relationships between methods.
- Non-corroboration of results occurs when findings from different methods don't agree; this is viewed as an opportunity to refine or question the project.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of narrative analysis, including the structure and elements of narratives. It delves into the methods for collecting narratives, such as Life Story Interviews and the McAdams Interview Protocol, highlighting their significance in understanding personal experiences and change. Test your knowledge on how narratives shape identities and perceptions.
