Narayan's Essay on English Language Variations

Toasted English

• R.K. Narayan's essay "Toasted English" explores the differences between American and British English in a humorous manner.
• The author claims that Americans adopted English, but instead of using it in a formal manner, they used it informally, abandoning formalism and substituting more practical terms.
• This process of changing English is referred to as "toasting".
• Examples of "toasted" words include "Ok", "Yeah", and "Yes", which are used frequently in American English.
• The word "check" is also used as an example, which has multiple meanings in American English, unlike in British English.

Differences in English Usage

• In American English, the word "check" is used more widely, and can mean "I'll investigate, inspect, and verify".
• In British English, "check" is only used in specific definitions, such as "check girl" or "your check".
• Londoners use English politely, and in a more formal manner.
• In a London bus, the conductor will say "Thank you" instead of "Ticket, Ticket", and take the fare and give out the ticket simultaneously.

Importance of Indian English

• R.K. Narayan advocates for creating a unique Indian brand of English, dubbed "Bharat brand of English".
• Indian English should adjust to fit Indian requirements and circumstances, like American English has done.
• The author opposes the mingling of English, and instead wants Indian English to have its own grammatical conventions and distinctive stamp, or "Swadeshi Stamp".
• Indian English should be distinct from current English and have its own personality.

The Impact of American English on Language Formality

• The formality of the English language has been lost due to the "toasting" of English in America.
• Americans have developed distinct keywords that can be used globally, referred to as the "American National Expression".
• Examples of these keywords include "check", "anywhere", and "anyhow", which can be misused yet still be accepted in context.
• Americans have adapted English to fit their preferences and way of life, making it more straightforward, conversational, and informal.
• This adaptation has made it easier for Americans to express themselves, as they are no longer restricted by the passive voice.

The Author's Perspective on American English

• The author is not in favor of the adapted American English, as it disregards the integrity of grammar and the rule of law.
• The author appreciates American English for its clarity and directness, as it leaves no room for speculation.
• American English is exemplified in clear instructions, such as signboards, which convey direct messages, for example, "Absolutely Little Parking".

Toasted English by R K Narayan

• R K Narayan wrote the research paper "Toasted English"
• The paper focuses on the use of English in different contexts

American Influence on English

• Americans were tired of British dominance
• They actively eliminated British influences from their language
• One such change was the adoption of passive voices in their language

Indian English

• The author suggests Indians should develop their own unique English language
• This new language should reflect Indian culture and nuances
• Indians will eventually create their own English dialect

Americans' Influence on English

• Americans also drove the British out of their country, but allowed English to stay back.
• They modified English to make it easier to use, abandoning Passive Voice in favor of more direct language.

Modifying English

• The process of modifying English to suit local needs is called "toasting".
• Examples of toasting include simplifying notice-board messages, such as changing "Trespassing Prohibited" to "Newly planted, don't walk".

Universal Keywords

• Americans have created universal keywords with multipurpose use, such as "O.K" and "Yeah".
• These keywords are commonly used expressions that can be employed anywhere.

Developing Indian English

• The author advocates for Indians to adopt English to suit their purposes, creating a "Bharat brand of English".
• He emphasizes the importance of Indian English having its own identity, with a "Swadeshi Stamp".
• He does not support "mongrelization" or hybridization of English.
• Instead, he wants Indians to develop a unique and distinct English that reflects their culture.

This quiz explores Narayan's essay 'Toasted English' which highlights the differences between American and British English in a humorous manner.