Questions and Answers
Which drugs are negative chronotropes?
Which beta blockers are B1 selective?
Which beta blockers come in IV form?
Which beta blockers have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity?
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Which beta blockers are primarily excreted through renal pathways?
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What are the common side effects of beta blockers?
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What are the 4 treatment considerations for CHF?
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What are the common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
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What are the common side effects of amiodarone?
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Which medications increase lipid levels?
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Which pathway is blocked by warfarin?
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What are the colors for warfarin tablets?
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What medications are given for the initial management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
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What are the statin dose equivalents for 38% LDL reduction?
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Which statins should be given at night?
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What are the major side effects / important cautions with statins?
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Which statins are metabolized by CYP3A4?
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Which statins are metabolized by CYP2C9?
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What are the generic names for the different vitamin B's?
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What are the common causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
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What is the #1 cause of hyperthyroidism?
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Study Notes
Negative Chronotropes
- Key drugs include amiodarone, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin (ABCD).
B1 Selective Beta Blockers
- Memorization acronym: AMEBBBA.
- Includes atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol, bisoprolol, betaxolol, Bystolic, and acebutolol.
Beta Blockers in IV Form
- Recognized with the acronym "MAPLES".
- Medications are metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, labetalol, esmolol, and sotalol.
Beta Blockers with Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity
- Include acebutolol, penbutolol, and pindolol (APP).
Renally Cleared Beta Blockers
- Significant drugs include bisoprolol, nadolol, atenolol, labetalol, and sotalol (BreNALS).
Common Side Effects of Beta Blockers
- Remember the acronym "BLOCKER":
- Bradycardia/bronchospasm
- Increased lipids/decreased libido
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Conduction abnormalities
- Konstriction of peripheral vasculature
- Exhaustion/emotional depression
- Reduced recognition of hypoglycemia
Treatment Considerations for CHF
- Utilize the 4 D's: Diuretics, diet, digoxin (or inotropes), dilators.
Common Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors
- Remember "CAPTOPRIL":
- Cough
- Angioedema
- Hyperkalemia
- Taste change
- Orthostasis
- Risk in pregnancy
- Rash
- Increased potassium
- Leukocytosis (specific to captopril)
Common Side Effects of Amiodarone
- Acronym "AMIODARONE":
- Pulmonary toxicity/AV block
- Iodine issues affecting TSH
- Corneal micro-deposits
- Drug interactions (LFT checks)
- Photosensitivity
- Non-PVC infusion requirements
- Electrolyte imbalances
Medications Increasing Lipids
- Use acronym "PAS BLT":
- Protease inhibitors, antipsychotics, SGLT-2, beta blockers, loop diuretics, thiazides.
Warfarin's Mechanism and Monitoring
- Blocks the extrinsic pathway, affecting factors 2, 7, 9, and 10.
- Measured by PT/INR (prothrombin time, international normalized ratio).
Warfarin Tablet Colors
- Mnemonic: "party like girls then bring peaches to your wedding":
- 1 mg: pink
- 2 mg: lavender
- 2.5 mg: green
- 3 mg: tan
- 4 mg: blue
- 5 mg: peach
- 6 mg: teal/greenish-blue
- 7.5 mg: yellow
- 10 mg: white
Initial Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Treatment acronym: MONAA BAS (morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin, antiplatelets, beta blocker, ACE inhibitor, statin).
- Avoid beta blockers in cocaine-induced myocardial infarction and NSAIDs due to CV risks.
- Discharge acronym: NAABAS.
Statin Dose Equivalents for Moderate LDL Reduction
- "Passionate Real Americans Simply Love Playing Football":
- Pitavastatin = 2 mg, Rosuvastatin = 5 mg, Atorvastatin = 10 mg, Simvastatin = 20 mg, Lovastatin = 40 mg, Pravastatin = 40 mg, Fluvastatin = 80 mg.
Statins Administered at Night
- Remember "Simply Love F*cking" for drugs: Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin.
Major Side Effects/Cautions with Statins
- Use acronym "HMG-CoA":
- Hepatotoxicity
- Myopathy/memory loss
- Category X in pregnancy; risk of increased glucose
- Upper respiratory infections
- Increased risk of cataracts
- Ocular effects; alopecia.
Statins Metabolized by CYP3A4
- The three drugs are Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Lovastatin.
- Grapefruit juice is a major CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Statins Metabolized by CYP2C9
- Includes Rosuvastatin and Fluvastatin.
Generic Names for Vitamin B Complex
- Mnemonic: "The Rabbi Needs Prayer For Comfort":
- Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pyridoxine (B6), Folic acid (B9), Cyanocobalamin (B12).
Common Causes of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Remember the acronym "MUDPILES":
- Methanol, uremia, DKA, paraldehyde, iron/INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol/EtOH, salicylate.
Primary Cause of Hyperthyroidism
- Graves Disease is the leading cause, noted with the phrase: "Graves caused Credence to go HYPERnova".
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Description
This quiz features essential mnemonics to help you memorize drugs, focusing on negative chronotropes and beta blockers. Use these flashcards to reinforce your knowledge for the NAPLEX exam. Mastering these concepts will boost your confidence in clinical settings.
