Nanotechnology Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the prefix 'nano-' used to represent?

A very large value

An unknown value

A medium-sized value

A very small value (correct)

What is the size range of nanoparticles?

1 to 100 meters

1 to 100 nanometers (correct)

1 to 100 millimeters

1 to 100 micrometers

What is one of the environmental benefits of nanotechnology?

Increased pollution

Increased waste production

Decreased energy consumption

Improved detection and removal of contaminants (correct)

What is one of the health benefits of nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology can improve medicines Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the economic benefits of nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology can create better products and provide new jobs Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the concerns of nanotechnology?

Unclear health impact Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the moral issues related to nanotechnology?

Altering or modifying life forms Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the issues related to access to nanotechnology?

Unequal opportunity to access and use Signup and view all the answers

What are the three limitations of communication mentioned in the text?

Distance, time, and location Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the first telephonic device?

Johann Philip Reis Signup and view all the answers

What was the invention that started the First Information Revolution?

Telegraph Signup and view all the answers

What was Reginald Fessenden credited for?

Discovering how to send voice and music through the radio Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the Information Revolution?

Invention of printing Signup and view all the answers

When did the First Information Revolution last until?

1950s Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the invention of language, writing, and printing?

Improved communication and information exchange Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the first telegraph that uses Morse code?

Samuel Morse Signup and view all the answers

What made fourth-generation computers possible?

Development of computer chips with hundreds of thousands of components Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main advantages of the information age?

Greater connectivity to people around the world Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of advanced networks?

Enhanced connectivity and communication worldwide Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fiber optics?

Extremely thin glass fibers that can carry information Signup and view all the answers

What is a caution when accessing information online?

Validate the source of information and critically analyze it Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of modern cellular phones?

Can store and process data, and have additional features Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of online communities?

People with common interests can communicate, share ideas, and 'meet' online Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the information age?

Many aspects of daily life became more convenient Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the development of early computers?

Due to the needs of the military Signup and view all the answers

What was the main limitation of the first generation computers?

They generated a lot of heat due to vacuum tubes Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with developing the first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)?

John Vincent Atanasoff Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the development of transistors?

They replaced vacuum tubes in computers, reducing heat generation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the development of satellites?

To transmit telephone and television signals globally Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957?

It marked the beginning of the Space Age Signup and view all the answers

What was the characteristic of the second-generation computers?

They were smaller, faster, and more reliable Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the television in the Second Information Revolution?

It enabled the transmission of video and images Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Nano Scale

The prefix "nano-" refers to a very small value.
The nano scale is an interdisciplinary area generated by and for the advancement of science and technology.

Nanotechnology

It refers to the development of products or manipulation of matter at the nanoscale.
Nanoparticles are the building blocks of nanotechnology.
Nanoparticles are particles that are 1 to 100 nanometers in size.
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter.

Benefits of Nanotechnology

Environmental benefits: improved detection and removal of contaminants.
Health benefits: can improve medicines.
Economic benefits: can create better products and provide new jobs.

Concerns of Nanotechnology

Unclear health impact: exposure to nanoparticles may pose potential health impacts through direct contact, inhalation, ingestion, or insertion to the body.
Many nanoparticles were found to cause pulmonary toxicity when inhaled.
It may impact the environment: nanotechnology may have an impact on the environment, requiring raw materials from the environment.
Moral issues: nanotechnology is receiving opposition from some groups, accused of altering or modifying life forms, thus destroying the sanctity of life.
Equality issues: access to nanotechnology is an issue, with unequal opportunity to access and use of these promising technologies.

Second Information Revolution

Began in the 1950s and lasted until the 1980s
Improved communication with the invention of television, early generation computers, and satellites

Television

Invented in the 1920s
First communication device to transmit video and image apart from sound

Early Computers

Developed due to the needs of the military
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) developed by John Vincent Atanasoff in 1939
ABC could solve linear equations of up to 29 variables
Colossus developed by Alan Turing, used during World War II to decode Nazi war codes
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1946

Transistors

Developed by William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen
Replaced vacuum tubes in computers, making them smaller, faster, and more reliable

Satellites

Developed to transmit telephone and television signals globally
Enabled global communication
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, marking the beginning of the Space Age

Third Information Revolution

Paved the way for more technologies and innovations
Fourth-generation computers made possible by the development of computer chips
Fiber optics enabled information transmission
Cellular technology enabled data storage and processing
Advanced networks, including the Internet, enhanced global connectivity and communication

Good Impacts of Information Age

Enabled connectivity to people around the world
Made many aspects of daily life more convenient
Enabled online communities and access to online education and government documents
Made information more accessible than ever before

Issues in STS (Science, Technology, and Society)

Importance of critical analysis and validation of online information sources

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Description

Explore the basics of nanotechnology, including the nano scale, its importance, and the development of products at the nanoscale.