Nanoparticles in Formulations and Nanotechnology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of using nanotechnology in medicine?

  • Creating new materials and devices on a nanoscopic scale
  • Increasing the cost of medical treatments
  • Achieving highly specific drug targeting and delivery (correct)
  • Making medical equipment smaller for portability

What is the comparative scale of a 1 nm marble to a 1 meter distance?

  • A 1 meter distance would be the size of a city
  • A 1 meter distance would be the size of a house
  • A 1 meter distance would be the size of the Earth (correct)
  • A 1 meter distance would be the size of a planet

What is the primary challenge when using nanoparticles as a carrier in formulations?

  • The potential adverse effects of residual material (correct)
  • The availability of nanoparticles
  • The size of the nanoparticles
  • The cost of producing nanoparticles

What is the main advantage of using nanotechnology in medicine?

<p>Targeted drug delivery to the site of disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent?

<p>To deliver therapeutic agents to specific cells or tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nanotechnology in reducing toxicity while maintaining therapeutic effects?

<p>By delivering medications directly to the site of disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid vesicles contain phospolipids and alcohol in relatively high concentrations?

<p>Ethosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of Cubosomes?

<p>Cubic shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic particles are known for their function of conjugation to target-specific ligands?

<p>Silica (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary architectural feature of Dendrimers?

<p>Branching monomers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nanoparticle type is commonly associated with a concern regarding stability due to hydrophobic surfaces?

<p>Magnetic NP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Virosomes?

<p>Delivery of nucleic-acid free viral particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Cochleates from other lipid vesicles?

<p>Cigar-shaped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets apart Layered Double Hydroxide nanoparticles from other inorganic particles?

<p>Layered structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common material used in Metal-based nanoparticles?

<p>Gold NPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Dendrimers differ from most linear polymers in terms of control over their properties?

<p>They can be incrementally grown in nm steps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the strategies mentioned in the text for increasing blood circulation time of nanoparticles?

<p>Secondary reaction on grafted groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about nanotubes and nanohorns in terms of their architecture?

<p>They have layers of graphene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes be improved according to the text?

<p>By covalent anchoring of dendrimers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a mechanism for drug immobilization in carbon nanocarriers?

<p>Direct injection into the bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of encapsulation over other mechanisms for drug immobilization in carbon nanocarriers according to the text?

<p>Protection from degradation during transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nanoparticles provides sustained release of drugs from the polymeric matrix according to the text?

<p>Polymer-coated nanoparticles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue may arise due to slowly degradable or nondegradable nanoparticles at the site of delivery according to the text?

<p>Accumulation resulting in chronic inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cationic nanoparticles cause according to the text?

<p>Hemolysis and blood clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect have silica nanoparticles shown according to the text at increasing doses and exposure times?

<p>Increased oxidative stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect have carbon based nanoparticles shown on macrophage cell lines according to the text?

<p>Necrosis or apoptosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nanoparticle-based product is known for its flexibility and ability to permeate intact through the dermal barrier?

<p>Transfersome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nanoparticle is known for its biodegradable and biocompatible properties, as well as its potential for surface modification and functionalization with different ligands?

<p>Polymeric nanoparticles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of targeting strategy exploits the anatomical differences between normal and diseased tissues to deliver drugs?

<p>Passive targeting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nanoparticle-based product is known for its ability to improve the stability of hydrophobic drugs and reduce adverse effects as a consequence of favored accumulation at target sites?

<p>Polymeric nanoparticles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nanoparticle-based product is known for its ability to maintain higher intracellular drug levels than in cells treated with drug in solution or with unconjugated nanoparticles?

<p>Transferrin-conjugated paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nanoparticle-based product is known for its ability to improve the circulation time of drugs and is approved for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma?

<p>DOXIL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nanoparticle-based product is known for its lower cost and higher chemical stability than its naturally occurring phospholipid counterparts?

<p>Niosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of targeting strategy requires conjugation of receptor-specific ligands that can promote site-specific targeting?

<p>Active targeting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nanoparticle-based product is known for its ability to improve biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, resulting in improved efficacy and reduced adverse effects as a consequence of favored accumulation at target sites?

<p>Polymeric nanoparticles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nanoparticle-based product is known for its ability to reduce toxicity using biocompatible nanomaterials and efficiently penetrate across barriers through small capillaries into individual cells?

<p>Polymeric nanoparticles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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