Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the size range of nanomaterials?

  • 1-100 nm (correct)
  • 10-100 nm
  • 100-1000 nm
  • 1-10 nm

Which of the following is an example of a nanomaterial?

  • PLA
  • Graphene (correct)
  • Collagen
  • Hydroxyapatite

What property of nanomaterials enhances their reactivity?

  • Low reactivity
  • High surface-to-volume ratio (correct)
  • High cost
  • High density

Which of the following is a primary application of nanomaterials?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major use of nanomaterials in electronics?

<p>Miniaturization of components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomaterial is commonly used in bone implants?

<p>Hydroxyapatite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of biomaterials used in medical applications?

<p>Biocompatibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering?

<p>To support tissue growth and regeneration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biodegradable polymer used in biomaterials?

<p>PLA (Polylactic Acid) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of nanomaterials is particularly useful for drug delivery systems?

<p>High surface area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of nanomaterials in medicine?

<p>Drug delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biocompatibility in biomaterials refer to?

<p>The ability to integrate with living tissue without causing immune rejection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative effect of nanomaterials?

<p>Toxicity to ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biomaterials is commonly used for surgical implants?

<p>Hydroxyapatite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of biodegradable biomaterials?

<p>They do not need to be removed after use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of using nanomaterials in energy systems?

<p>Increased energy conversion efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are biomaterials typically used in wound healing?

<p>To provide structural support and promote tissue regeneration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge associated with the use of nanomaterials?

<p>Environmental accumulation and toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary property of nanomaterials that makes them effective in drug delivery?

<p>High surface area-to-volume ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of biomaterials in tissue engineering?

<p>Temporary scaffolds for tissue regeneration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nanomaterials is often used in electronics due to its electrical properties?

<p>Graphene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using biomaterials for implants and prosthetics?

<p>They support tissue healing and integration with the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of quantum dots in nanotechnology?

<p>Optical applications (e.g., fluorescence) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of size-dependent properties in nanomaterials?

<p>They cause nanomaterials to behave differently from bulk materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in choosing biomaterials for medical implants?

<p>Biocompatibility and ability to integrate with body tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its purpose is to recycle waste products by giving it to other people for free

<p>Freecycling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is a material that is not biodegradable, but it can be recycled repeatedly without diminishing its quality.

<p>Metal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which represents a process in the total materials cycle:

<p>Earth → Raw Materials → Synthesis and Processing → Engineered Materials → Product Design, Manufacture, Assembly → Application → Waste → Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following are compositions of glass EXCEPT:

<p>Alkaline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its purpose is to recycle used waste products.

<p>Recycling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is technically a form of reusing, but it refers more specifically to items that are discarded and broken down into their raw materials.

<p>Deconstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The materials reused in recycling serve as substitutes for raw materials obtained from such increasingly scarce natural resources as the following EXCEPT:

<p>Geothermal Heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a type of reuse:

<p>Downcycling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number on the recycle code of polypropylene?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its main goals include preserving architectural and cultural heritage, transforming urban blight, and igniting social change.

<p>Adaptive Reuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It can help reduce the quantities of solid waste deposited in landfills, which have become increasingly expensive.

<p>Recycling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can be defined as using a waste product without further transformation and without changing its shape or original nature.

<p>Reuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the process in recycling metals:

<p>Testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This is the second option in the waste hierarchy.

<p>Reuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is a closed system, in that its materials resources are finite.

<p>Earth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Typical materials that are recycled include the following EXCEPT:

<p>Appelation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an application on the total materials cycle.

<p>Energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Different types of solid wastes can be reused, such as the following EXCEPT:

<p>Detergents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the repurposing of buildings that have outlived their original purpose.

<p>Adaptive Reuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Major sources of waste are from packaging, junked automobiles, automobile tires, and domestic durable goods.

<p>Plastics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This is a process from the total material cycle:

<p>Waste → Recycle/Reuse → Raw Materials → Synthesis and Processing → Engineered Materials → Product Design, Manufacture, Assembly → Application → Waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of this is to recycle things that have been previously used by giving them away to other people for free.

<p>Freecycling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number on the recycle code of High-density polyethylene?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number on the recycle code of Polysterene?

<p>6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Freecycling

The process of reusing waste products by giving them away for free to other people.

Recyclable Material

A material that can be recycled repeatedly without losing its quality.

Recycling

A process of breaking down discarded items into their raw materials to be used again.

Adaptive Reuse

The repurposing of buildings after their initial use for something else.

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Open-handed Reuse

A method to reduce waste by giving unused products to other people.

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Upcycling

The process of giving items a new life or higher purpose.

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Downcycling

The process of recycling things by repurposing them into less valuable products.

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Reuse

A type of reuse that focuses on using items without significant changes.

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Recovery

A process where waste materials are treated to extract reusable resources.

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Closed System

A system where resources are finite and limited.

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Closed System

A system where resources are finite and limited.

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Total Materials Cycle

A process that includes extracting raw materials, transforming them into products, using them, and then managing waste.

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Metal Recycling

The process of recycling metals by collecting, testing, transporting and processing them.

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Recycle Code

A code used to identify different types of plastics for proper recycling.

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Polypropylene

A specific type of plastic with the recycle code number '6'.

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High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

A specific type of plastic with the recycle code number '2'.

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Polystyrene

A specific type of plastic with the recycle code number '5'.

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Direct Reuse

The use of waste materials without changing their shape or nature.

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Reduce

The process of reducing the consumption of raw materials and energy.

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Reuse

The practice of reusing discarded items for different purposes.

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Study Notes

Nanomaterials and Biomaterials

  • Nanomaterial Size Range: 1-100 nm
  • Example Nanomaterial: Graphene
  • Enhanced Reactivity: High surface-to-volume ratio
  • Nanomaterial Application: Energy storage
  • Biomaterial used in Bone Implants: Hydroxyapatite
  • Biocompatibility Characteristic: Ability to integrate with living tissue without causing immune rejection
  • Biodegradable Polymer: PLA (Polylactic Acid)
  • Drug Delivery System Property: High surface area
  • Nanomaterial Application in Medicine: Drug delivery
  • Negative Effect of Nanomaterials: Toxicity to ecosystems
  • Biodegradable Biomaterial Advantage: They do not need to be removed after use.
  • Nanomaterial Effect in Energy Systems: Increased energy conversion efficiency
  • Biomaterial Use in Wound Healing: Structural support and promote tissue regeneration
  • Challenge Associated with Nanomaterials: Environmental accumulation and toxicity
  • Nanomaterial Property for Drug Delivery: High surface area-to-volume ratio
  • Biomaterial Use in Tissue Engineering: Temporary scaffolds for tissue regeneration
  • Nanomaterial for Electronics: Graphene
  • Biomaterial Benefit for Implants and Prosthetics: Support tissue healing and integration with the body
  • Quantum Dot Role: Optical applications (e.g., fluorescence)

Recycling and Re-use of Materials

  • Freecycling: Recycling waste products by giving to others for free

  • Non-Biodegradable Recyclable Material: Glass

  • Material Cycle Process: Earth → Raw Materials → Synthesis and Processing → Manufacture, Assembly, Engineered Materials → Product Design → Application → Waste

  • Glass Composition (EXCEPT): Alkaline

  • Recycling Meaning: Technically a form of reusing, specifically referring to items broken down to raw materials.

  • Recycling Substitutes (EXCEPT): Geothermal Heat

  • Reuse Type: Downcycling

  • Recycle Code of Polypropylene: 5

  • Recycle Code of High-density Polyethylene: 2

  • Recycle Code of Polysterene: 6

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