Podcast
Questions and Answers
The Theranostic Strategy involves combining drug therapy with medical imaging tools to monitor pathological progress and therapeutic efficacy.
The Theranostic Strategy involves combining drug therapy with medical imaging tools to monitor pathological progress and therapeutic efficacy.
True
Magnetic Nanoparticles are not useful for visualizing tissues with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Magnetic Nanoparticles are not useful for visualizing tissues with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
False
Tailoring nanomedicine modules can effectively address the challenges of tumor heterogeneity and adaptive resistance.
Tailoring nanomedicine modules can effectively address the challenges of tumor heterogeneity and adaptive resistance.
True
Inorganic nanoparticles do not possess novel intrinsic physical properties according to the text.
Inorganic nanoparticles do not possess novel intrinsic physical properties according to the text.
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Hyperthermia involves the generation of cold at the tumor site.
Hyperthermia involves the generation of cold at the tumor site.
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The joint delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents does not show promise in improving diagnostic accuracy according to the text.
The joint delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents does not show promise in improving diagnostic accuracy according to the text.
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Polymeric Micelles can only carry water-soluble drugs.
Polymeric Micelles can only carry water-soluble drugs.
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Dendrimers are difficult to synthesize in large quantities pure enough for clinical trials.
Dendrimers are difficult to synthesize in large quantities pure enough for clinical trials.
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Liposomes are not easily modified and functionalized.
Liposomes are not easily modified and functionalized.
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Carbon Nanotubes are not biocompatible.
Carbon Nanotubes are not biocompatible.
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Viral Nanoparticles cannot selectively target tumors.
Viral Nanoparticles cannot selectively target tumors.
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There are five main methods of delivery discussed, which include Liposomes, Dendrimers, Carbon Nanotubes, Viral Nanoparticles, and Polymer Micelles.
There are five main methods of delivery discussed, which include Liposomes, Dendrimers, Carbon Nanotubes, Viral Nanoparticles, and Polymer Micelles.
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Successful delivery of nucleic acids into target cells is one of the main challenges of gene therapy.
Successful delivery of nucleic acids into target cells is one of the main challenges of gene therapy.
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Cationic liposome/DNA complexes (Lipoplexes) are the least studied non-viral gene delivery systems.
Cationic liposome/DNA complexes (Lipoplexes) are the least studied non-viral gene delivery systems.
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Gene therapy is primarily intended to treat acquired genetic pathologies like cancer.
Gene therapy is primarily intended to treat acquired genetic pathologies like cancer.
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Increasing accumulation of α-glucosidase in tumor tissue is critical for the success of the targeted enzyme/prodrug strategy.
Increasing accumulation of α-glucosidase in tumor tissue is critical for the success of the targeted enzyme/prodrug strategy.
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The development of a technology for curing brain disorders is not considered a medical need.
The development of a technology for curing brain disorders is not considered a medical need.
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Treatment with short interference RNA (siRNA) is a method that is being explored to address medical needs in brain disorders.
Treatment with short interference RNA (siRNA) is a method that is being explored to address medical needs in brain disorders.
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Coating MIONs with liposomes can increase their blood circulation time.
Coating MIONs with liposomes can increase their blood circulation time.
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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) completely avoids uptake by macrophages and does not activate complement systems.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) completely avoids uptake by macrophages and does not activate complement systems.
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PVP is considered a less promising alternative to PEG for modifying MNP.
PVP is considered a less promising alternative to PEG for modifying MNP.
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The sustained and controlled delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents is the main purpose of liposomes.
The sustained and controlled delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents is the main purpose of liposomes.
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Coating MIONs with liposomes decreases their colloidal stability in physiological solutions.
Coating MIONs with liposomes decreases their colloidal stability in physiological solutions.
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Modified MNP with PEG shows decreased stability in plasma.
Modified MNP with PEG shows decreased stability in plasma.
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PVP modification helps nanoparticles escape from macrophage systems, reducing their circulation time in vivo.
PVP modification helps nanoparticles escape from macrophage systems, reducing their circulation time in vivo.
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The targeted delivery of a prodrug-activating enzyme or its encoding gene to the tumor is done after administering a prodrug in DEPT.
The targeted delivery of a prodrug-activating enzyme or its encoding gene to the tumor is done after administering a prodrug in DEPT.
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The β-glucosidase/amygdalin system converts amygdalin to hydrogen cyanide to kill normal cells.
The β-glucosidase/amygdalin system converts amygdalin to hydrogen cyanide to kill normal cells.
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Magnetic DEPT involves applying an external magnetic field to deliver prodrugs to the tumor.
Magnetic DEPT involves applying an external magnetic field to deliver prodrugs to the tumor.
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Administering amygdalin with a minimum concentration ratio of β-glucosidase-conjugated MNP in tumor tissue minimizes the nonspecific toxicity of hydrogen cyanide.
Administering amygdalin with a minimum concentration ratio of β-glucosidase-conjugated MNP in tumor tissue minimizes the nonspecific toxicity of hydrogen cyanide.
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Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (DEPT) is used to improve the tumor selectivity of cosmetics.
Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (DEPT) is used to improve the tumor selectivity of cosmetics.
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Study Notes
Theranostic Strategy
- Combines dual functions into one nanomedicinal system: simultaneous drug therapy and monitoring of pathological progress and therapeutic efficacy with medical imaging tools like MRI.
Magnetic Nanoparticles
- Can be visualized by MRI
- Can be guided to target sites by an external magnetic field
- Can be heated to provide hyperthermia (magnetic fluid hyperthermia)
- Often engineered by conjugation with biomolecules to target specific cells
Hyperthermia
- A new concept for treating cancers
- Based on generating heat at the tumor site
Nanogels
- Biodegradable
- Nontoxic
- Can carry water-insoluble drugs
- Can specifically target cancer cells
- Disadvantages: time-consuming and expensive, requires water-soluble equipment to assemble
Thiomer Nanogels
- Similar to nanogels, but with additional features
Polymeric Micelles
- Can carry water-insoluble drugs
- Biocompatible
- Biodegradable
- Easily modified and functionalized
- Disadvantages: difficult to selectively target cancer cells, optimal concentration must be determined for micelle formation
Dendrimers
- Easy to functionalize due to structure
- Molecular weight and size can be controlled
- Degradation can be controlled
- Biocompatible
- Can selectively target cancer cells
- Disadvantages: difficult to synthesize large quantities pure enough for clinical trials
Liposomes
- Amphiphilic
- Biocompatible
- Easily modified and functionalized
- Can selectively target cancer cells
- Can carry both lipid and water-soluble drugs
- Disadvantages: rapidly cleared from circulation due to primary uptake by the liver
Carbon Nanotubes
- Water soluble
- Biocompatible
- Multifunctional
- Disadvantages: expensive to produce, scientists don't fully understand how they work
Viral Nanoparticles
- Self-assembled protein cages
- Surface can be modified via bioconjugation or mutagenesis
- Can usually selectively target tumors
- Biologically compatible
- Disadvantages: could target healthy cells, cause harmful mutations or inflammation
Gene Therapy
- Intended to use genetic material to prevent or treat monogenic diseases and acquired genetic pathologies like cancer
- Limited clinical application due to reduced gene delivery efficiency and specificity into target cells
Lipoplexes
- Cationic liposome/DNA complexes
- Higher gene delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo compared to other non-viral gene delivery systems
MIONs (Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles)
- Protected with a polymer coating to improve dispersity and stability
- Can be conjugated with ligands that target disease-specific receptors or molecules
- Coating with liposomes can prevent aggregation and opsonization, increasing colloidal stability and blood circulation time
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Description
Learn about nanogels, thiomer nanogels, chitosan, and polymeric micelles used in drug delivery systems, their advantages and disadvantages. Explore how these nanoparticles can target specific cells and have a long shelf life.
