Naming Compounds Quiz

Naming Compounds

• Binary compounds: Consist of two elements. The name of the metal comes first, followed by the name of the nonmetal with an -ide suffix. e.g., NaCl (sodium chloride). Transition metals often require Roman numerals to indicate the charge. e.g., FeCl₂ (iron(II) chloride).

• Ionic compounds: Formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. Naming follows the same rules as binary compounds. e.g., CaCl₂ (calcium chloride).

• Polyatomic ions: Groups of atoms covalently bonded, carrying a net charge. Learn the common polyatomic ions – e.g., SO₄²⁻ (sulfate), NO₃⁻ (nitrate), CO₃²⁻ (carbonate). Their names and charges need to be memorized.

• Acids: Substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. Their names typically end in "-ic acid". e.g., HCl (hydrochloric acid). Some acids, particularly binary acids, use the prefix "hydro" and the -ic acid ending. e.g., H₂S (hydrosulfuric acid).

Types of Reactions

• Synthesis: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product. e.g., A + B → AB

• Decomposition: A single reactant breaks down into two or more products. e.g., AB → A + B

• Single Replacement: One element replaces another element in a compound. e.g., A + BC → AC + B

• Double Replacement: The positive ions of two ionic compounds exchange places, forming two new ionic compounds. e.g., AB + CD → AD + CB

• Combustion: A substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light. e.g., hydrocarbon + O₂ --> CO₂ + H₂O

Balancing Equations

• Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This means atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation.

• Method:

• Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

• Use coefficients in front of reactants/products to balance the number of atoms of each element.

• The coefficient must be a whole number (not a fraction).

Binary Acids and Oxyacids

• Binary acids: Acids with hydrogen and one other nonmetal. Rules for naming follow the "hydro" prefix and -ic acid suffix as described earlier.

• Oxyacids: Acids containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal. The name of the oxyacid depends on the nonmetal ion present. e.g., HNO₃ (nitric acid), H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid).

More on Ionic and Covalent Compounds

• Ionic compounds: Formed from a metal and a nonmetal.

• Covalent compounds: Formed from nonmetals. Naming depends on the number of atoms of each element present (prefixes like mono-, di-, tri- are used). e.g., CO₂ (carbon dioxide).