Naming Compounds Quiz

Study Notes

Naming Compounds

Binary compounds: Consist of two elements. The name of the metal comes first, followed by the name of the nonmetal with an -ide suffix. e.g., NaCl (sodium chloride). Transition metals often require Roman numerals to indicate the charge. e.g., FeCl₂ (iron(II) chloride).
Ionic compounds: Formed by the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. Naming follows the same rules as binary compounds. e.g., CaCl₂ (calcium chloride).
Polyatomic ions: Groups of atoms covalently bonded, carrying a net charge. Learn the common polyatomic ions – e.g., SO₄²⁻ (sulfate), NO₃⁻ (nitrate), CO₃²⁻ (carbonate). Their names and charges need to be memorized.
Acids: Substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. Their names typically end in "-ic acid". e.g., HCl (hydrochloric acid). Some acids, particularly binary acids, use the prefix "hydro" and the -ic acid ending. e.g., H₂S (hydrosulfuric acid).

Types of Reactions

Synthesis: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product. e.g., A + B → AB
Decomposition: A single reactant breaks down into two or more products. e.g., AB → A + B
Single Replacement: One element replaces another element in a compound. e.g., A + BC → AC + B
Double Replacement: The positive ions of two ionic compounds exchange places, forming two new ionic compounds. e.g., AB + CD → AD + CB
Combustion: A substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light. e.g., hydrocarbon + O₂ --> CO₂ + H₂O

Balancing Equations

Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This means atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation.
Method:
Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
Use coefficients in front of reactants/products to balance the number of atoms of each element.
The coefficient must be a whole number (not a fraction).

Binary Acids and Oxyacids

Binary acids: Acids with hydrogen and one other nonmetal. Rules for naming follow the "hydro" prefix and -ic acid suffix as described earlier.
Oxyacids: Acids containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal. The name of the oxyacid depends on the nonmetal ion present. e.g., HNO₃ (nitric acid), H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid).

More on Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Ionic compounds: Formed from a metal and a nonmetal.
Covalent compounds: Formed from nonmetals. Naming depends on the number of atoms of each element present (prefixes like mono-, di-, tri- are used). e.g., CO₂ (carbon dioxide).

Description

Test your knowledge of naming different types of chemical compounds, including binary, ionic, and polyatomic compounds, as well as acids. This quiz covers the rules and examples necessary for accurately naming and understanding these essential chemistry concepts.