Hypersensitivity

Define hypersensitivity

How are hypersensitivities classified?

What is atopy?

Which cytokine profile is responsible for the generation of atopy?

Which T cells are activated to produce atopy?

What is the phenotype of helper T cells involved in hypersensitivity type I?

Explain the events occurring in the sensitization phase of hypersensitivity I

Which immunoglobulins is produced in large amounts in the sensitization phase of hypersensitivity?

Compare the levels of immunoglobulin E in serum and tissues

Where in tissues is IgE located?

What is the half-life of IgE on mast cells?

Which Fc receptors are used for binding IgE to mast cells?

Besides IgE, which other isotype of immunoglobulins can mediate a hypersensitivity 1 reaction in dogs?

How many IgE molecules should be cross linked for degranulation of mast cells to occur?

What molecules are released during degranulation of mast cells?

How is IgE production regulated in hypersensitivity type 1?

In which phase of hypersensitivity type I does the allergic reaction occur?

Apart from mast cells, which other cells can degranulation during a hypersensitivity type I reaction, thus contributing to the clinical presentation?

What role does histamine play in an allergic reaction?

Why are allergies sometimes managed with administration of antihistamines?

Why would you recommend a corticosteroid to manage some allergies?

Do memory responses exist in hypersensitivity type I?

What is anaphylaxis?

What events can lead to anaphylaxis?

What is the anaphylactic shock organ in dogs?

Outline the symptoms of anaphylaxis in animals

How can allergic reactions to own milk develop in cattle?

A dog owner claims their pet Fido developed an allergic reaction after drinking decaf coffee for a week. Do you agree? Why or why not?

What is the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance?

Describe a diagnostic test you could perform to determine the allergen causing the allergy

If an animal is being treated for skin allergies with immune suppressants and anti-vascular permeability medicines, what precautions would you take to ensure that your allergy skin test works well?

If you were considering serology for allergy diagnosis, which immunoglobulin would you target?

What’s the best medicine that can completely cure an allergy?

What’s the principle behind the desensitization approach to managing allergies ?

What’s the mechanism of hypersensitivity type II?

Which immunoglobulins play an important role in Type II hypersensitivity?

Describe three ways tissue destruction can occur during type II hypersensitivity

How does the hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) develop in horses?

What conditions must be met for HDN to occur in a newborn foal?

A horse is treated with trimethoprim for a respiratory infection. Four weeks later, it develops a bleeding condition with anemia. Diagnostic tests reveal high levels of antibodies against platelets and RBC. What this the likely cause and mechanism?

Do you know any infections that can lead to a hypersensitivity type II reaction?

In dogs and horses, how does rheumatic heart disease develop after infection with streptococcus spp?

When too many antigen-antibody (Ag/Ab) complexes accumulate in the body, what inflammatory condition results?

Give examples of diseases associated with hypersensitivity type III

Which immunoglobulins are responsible for hypersensitivity type III?

Depending on the lactation of Ag/Ab complex deposition, what two types of hypersensitivity type III can be differentiated?

What type of lesions would you expect to see in the skin with local reaction of a hypersensitivity type III?

What is the phenomenon : Arthus reaction?

What can be the cause of “blue eye” in dogs?

What is serum sickness ?

What important disease is associated with serum sickness?

What type of hypersensitivity is purpura hemorrhagica?

Is it possible for dietary hypersensitivity type III to develop? How does it develop?

What’s the hallmark of Type IV hypersensitivity?

What is delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)?

How long does it take for hypersensitivity type IV to develop?

What is tuberculin used for in animal and human diagnostics?

Contact hypersensitivity is important in dogs. Mention the possible causes of this condition