Hypersensitivity

<p>IL-4 and IL-13 from TH2 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TH2 cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TH2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-13 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigens are presented by APCs to CD4+ T cells, leading to the TH2 differentiation and IgE production by B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgE is low in serum but high in tissues bound to mast cells and basophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bound to Fc receptors on mast cells and basophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weeks to months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FcεRI. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG (specifically IgG4) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrines and cytokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through IL-4 and IL-13 production by TH2 cells and CD40 co-stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypersensitivity reaction phase (upon re-encounter with the allergen) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eosinophils and basophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a vasodilator and increases vascular permeability, causing symptoms like itching and swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit histamines effects on tissues, reducing symptoms like itching and swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation caused by hypersensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, memory B and T cells are involved, contributing to faster responses upon re-exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A generalized, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction involving multiple systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large does of antigens entering the body rapidly, often intravenously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty breathing, collapse, vomiting, diarrhea and swelling of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By absorption of milk proteins like alpha-casein into the blood stream due to inadequate milking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, allergic reactions typically require prior sensitization, and the symptoms might be due to food intolerance or another cause (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food allergies are immunological reactions, while food intolerance results from toxic effects of food metabolites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduct intradermal skin testing with diluted allergen solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue immune suppressants and anti-vascular permeability medicines before testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidance of the allergen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually increasing allergen exposure to reduce IgE levels and increase IgG production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG and IgM antibodies bind to antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction via complement, ADCC, or phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgM and IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complement activation, ADCC by NK cells, and phagocytosis by macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When maternal antibodies against fetal RBCs are transferred to the foal through colostrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetus must inherit antigens not present in the mother, the mother must be sensitized to these antigens and the foal must ingest colostrum containing anti-RBC antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug-induced type II hypersensitivity, where the drug modifies RBC and platelet surfaces, triggering antibody-mediated destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus spp, infectious anemia virus, Aleutian disease virus, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through cross-reactivity where antibodies against Streptococcus spp antigens attack heart tissue antigens, leading to chronic inflammation and damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type III hypersensitivity, leading to tissue damage from immune complex deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune complex glomerulonephritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness, subacute bacterial endocarditis, symptoms of malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and Arthus reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG and IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized (antibody excess) and generalized (antigen excess) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redness, edema, bleeding, and thrombosis at the injection site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A localized, painful, swollen area that occurs under the skin after an injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deposition of immune complexes in the cornea following infections with canine adenovirus type 1 or vaccination with live adenovirus vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type III hypersensitivity resulting from antibodies against serum proteins introduced intravenously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranoroliferative glomerulonephritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type III hypersensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, it develops when food proteins are absorbed into the bloodstream and form immune complexes, causing tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-cell mediated delayed inflammation, typically occurring in 48-72 hours after antigen exposures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells and macrophages occurring 24-72 hours after exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24-72 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a skin test to diagnose tuberculosis via a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemicals such as formaldehyde, dyes, flea collars, and shampoos acting as haptens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An exaggerated immune response to an antigen, causing tissue damage.

A way to categorize hypersensitivity reactions into types I, II, III, and IV.

A tendency to develop allergic reactions, driven by an excessive production of IgE.

A type of helper T cell that produces cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13, causing atopy.

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.

First phase of Type I hypersensitivity where IgE is produced.

An immunoglobulin primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity, binding to mast cells.

Fc receptor on mast cells and basophils, crucial for binding IgE.

Release of histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines by mast cells.

A severe, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction.

A molecule released during degranulation, causing vasodilation and increased permeability.

Medications that block histamine's effects, reducing allergic symptoms.

Cytotoxic reaction where antibodies target cells for destruction.

Fetal destruction caused by maternal antibodies to fetal antigens.

Immune complex-mediated reaction, causing inflammation from Ag-Ab complex deposition.

Type III hypersensitivity caused by antibodies against injected serum proteins.

Localized, severe inflammatory reaction at the site of injection.

Immunological reactions to food components.

Non-immunological adverse effects to food components.

Diagnostic test to identify allergens.

Testing for the presence of antibodies in blood.

Allergy treatment by gradually increasing allergen exposure to reduce allergic responses.

Faster immune response upon re-exposure to an allergen.