Naïve Bayes Classifier Example Prediction Scenario

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What is the purpose of using bagging in the generation of datasets?

To increase the diversity of the training samples (correct)
To decrease the variance of the model
To decrease the bias of the model
To improve the interpretability of the model

What is the key difference between bagging and boosting in ensemble learning?

Bagging is an iterative process, while boosting is a non-iterative process
Bagging combines the base learners using a majority vote, while boosting uses a linear combination
Bagging uses resampling with replacement, while boosting uses reweighting of the training data (correct)
Bagging can only be used with weak base learners, while boosting can be used with both weak and strong base learners

In the bagging example provided, what is the final ensemble model's prediction for an input of $x = 0.5$?

The ensemble model's prediction is ambiguous and depends on the specific weights assigned to the base learners
1
The ensemble model cannot make a prediction for this input
-1 (correct)

What is the main goal of the Adaboost algorithm in the context of ensemble learning?

To focus on the most difficult-to-classify examples (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the serial ensemble approach differ from the bagging approach in terms of how the base learners are combined?

Serial ensemble uses a linear combination of the base learners, while bagging uses a majority vote (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using boosting techniques like Adaboost compared to bagging?

Boosting can be used with stronger base learners, leading to higher accuracy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Naïve Bayes Classifier?

To predict the class (e.g. whether the person will play golf or not) given the attributes (e.g. outlook and temperature) (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can the probabilities needed for the Naïve Bayes Classifier be estimated from the given discrete data?

By computing the probabilities directly from the data (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Naïve Bayes Classifier's goal when given a record with $p$ attributes?

To predict the class $C$ that maximizes $P(C|A_1, A_2, ..., A_p)$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to compute the probability of playing golf given the outlook is rainy and the temperature is hot, according to the Bayes formula?

$P(Play = Yes | A_Outlook = Rainy, A_Temp = Hot) = P(A_Outlook = Rainy | Play = Yes) * P(A_Temp = Hot | Play = Yes) * P(Play = Yes) / constant$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the AdaBoost algorithm?

To construct a strong classifier as a linear combination of simple weak classifiers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between AdaBoost and Random Forests?

AdaBoost uses a linear combination of weak classifiers, while Random Forests uses an ensemble of decision trees (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the random selection of $p$ predictor variables at each node in the Random Forests algorithm?

To introduce randomness and prevent overfitting (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Random Forests algorithm combine the predictions of the individual decision trees?

By taking the average of the regression predictions or the majority vote of the classification predictions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sampling $N$ cases with replacement to create a subset of the data at each node in the Random Forests algorithm?

To introduce randomness and prevent overfitting by creating diverse decision trees (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Nearest Neighbor Classifiers?

To determine the class of an unknown record based on the class labels of its k nearest neighbors (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the Nearest Neighbor Classification process?

Standardize the features of the unknown record before computing the distances (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to compute the Euclidean distance between two points $p$ and $q$?

$d(p, q) = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (p_i - q_i)^2}$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of using a small value of $k$ in the k-nearest neighbors algorithm?

The algorithm becomes sensitive to noise points in the data (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the Business Scenario: Delivery Time Data, what is the predicted delivery time for the new order with 11 cases and a distance of 500 ft?

Medium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of introducing slack variables in support vector machines?

To allow for some training examples to violate the margin constraints (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the objective function for support vector machines, what does the term $\lambda \sum_{i=1}^{N} \xi_i$ represent?

The penalty term for violating the margin constraints (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tuning parameter $\lambda$ in support vector machines?

It controls the trade-off between maximizing the margin and minimizing the errors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are kernel methods used in support vector machines?

To transform the training data into a higher-dimensional feature space (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'kernel trick' in support vector machines?

It is a way to approximate a complex function using a kernel function (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about perceptrons is true?

Perceptrons require the data to be linearly separable to converge (B) Signup and view all the answers