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NAGM Hassan: General Principles of Lung Damage Pathogenesis

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NAGM Hassan: General Principles of Lung Damage Pathogenesis

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the consequences of inhalation of high concentrations of HCl, NO2, NH3, or phosgene in the respiratory tract?

Rapid epithelial regeneration

Quick recovery of the alveolar zone

Immediate pulmonary edema

Initial minimal apparent damage (correct)

Which mechanism leads to delayed pulmonary edema after exposure to highly reactive molecules like ozone?

Direct injury to lung defense cells

Primary alveolar damage

Epoxide hydrolase activation

Cascade of secondary reaction products (correct)

How does metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of lung injury?

Activation of protective enzymes

Involvement of cytochrome P450s and glutathione S-transferases (correct)

Inhibition of free radical reactions

Reduction in oxidative burden

What is a common factor contributing to oxidative burden in the respiratory system?

Inhalation of tobacco smoke Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is NOT mentioned as being involved in xenobiotic metabolism related to lung injury pathogenesis?

Catalase Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the delayed onset of lung damage after exposure to certain respirable substances?

Alveolar epithelial barrier leakage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of bronchoconstriction?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of bronchoconstriction in asthma?

Increased reactivity of bronchial smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to airway reactivity?

Destruction of alveolar walls Signup and view all the answers

Which cells play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and injury to the respiratory tract?

Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential source of oxidant species in the respiratory tract?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of pneumotoxicants like ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and phosgene?

They are highly reactive molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines the region of the respiratory tract where a particle or aerosol will deposit?

Particle size Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of emphysema?

Impaired diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the lung's metabolic competence is correct?

The lung contains most enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is decisive in determining how deeply a gas penetrates into the lung?

Water solubility Signup and view all the answers