NA Chemistry: Nitrogenous Bases and Functions

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Nitrogenous bases that are components of DNA and RNA. Adenine and Guanine are major types.

Nitrogenous bases that are, along with Purines, components of DNA and RNA. Cytosine, uracil, and thymine are major types.

Nucleosides/nucleotides provide energy. ATP is a common example.

Some nucleosides/nucleotides act as signaling molecules (e.g., cAMP), triggering cellular responses.

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A minor purine, involved as an intermediate in purine metabolism, often converted into uric acid.

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Transcription: Process involving nitrogenous bases.
Nitrogenous Bases:
- Purines: Adenine, Guanine (major), hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid (minor).
- Pyrimidines: Cytosine, uracil, thymine (major), methyl cytosine, dihydro uracil (minor).
Nucleosides and Nucleotides: Building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Functions:
- Energy Transduction: ATP, GTP, ADP, etc., and phosphate transfer.
- Signaling: Seconal messengers (e.g., cAMP), receptor-linked G-protein pathways.
- Activated Precursors: e.g., SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), various derivatives.
- Enzyme Components: NAD, NADP, FAD, FADH2, Coenzyme A; various other coenzymes.