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Questions and Answers
What is pain?
What is pain?
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.
What is psychology?
What is psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
What are some factors that influence pain?
What are some factors that influence pain?
Psychological factors, social factors, biological factors, and nociception.
Which of the following is not a biological factor that can influence pain?
- Excessive loaded tissue pathology
- System dysfunction
- Attention
- Thermal mechanical/ chemical threshold> fibers to fire exceed
Which of the following is not a biological factor that can influence pain?
- Excessive loaded tissue pathology
- System dysfunction
- Attention
- Thermal mechanical/ chemical threshold> fibers to fire exceed
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What is the name of the process by which the physiological 'normal' pain is conveyed via the lateral spinothalamic tract?
What is the name of the process by which the physiological 'normal' pain is conveyed via the lateral spinothalamic tract?
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Which of the following is described as 'tenderness' or pain evoked by a normally non-noxious stimulus?
Which of the following is described as 'tenderness' or pain evoked by a normally non-noxious stimulus?
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Dysaesthesia is an unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked.
Dysaesthesia is an unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked.
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Which of the following is not considered a psychological factor that can influence pain?
Which of the following is not considered a psychological factor that can influence pain?
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Which of the following is not a social factor that can influence pain?
Which of the following is not a social factor that can influence pain?
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What is the modern view of pain perception from a psycological standpoint, according to Linton?
What is the modern view of pain perception from a psycological standpoint, according to Linton?
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What are the three main aspects of the biopsychosocial approach to pain management?
What are the three main aspects of the biopsychosocial approach to pain management?
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What is the purpose of the pain gate mechanism?
What is the purpose of the pain gate mechanism?
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What are the different types of nerve fibers involved in the pain gate mechanism?
What are the different types of nerve fibers involved in the pain gate mechanism?
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Non-painful signals can modulate pain signals in the spinal cord, blocking the pain message from reaching the brain.
Non-painful signals can modulate pain signals in the spinal cord, blocking the pain message from reaching the brain.
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What is the role of the descending control pathway in pain modulation?
What is the role of the descending control pathway in pain modulation?
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Study Notes
Pain Psychology
- Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, often associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
- Psychology is the study of the mind and its functions, particularly how they impact behaviour.
- Factors influencing pain can be psychological, social, and biological.
- Nociception is the normal physiological response to noxious (harmful) stimuli; high-intensity stimuli activate pain fibres.
- Hyperalgesia involves an amplified response to a normally painful stimulus; often described as tenderness, pain evoked by normally non-noxious stimuli.
- Allodynia is increased sensitivity to stimulation, especially light touch, cold, and tickles.
- Dysaesthesia is an unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked.
- Psychological factors like beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and actions, have influence over the perception of pain.
Pain: Social Factors
- Social factors influencing pain include family, friends, colleagues, access to care, community, culture, and society.
- Social responses and cultural influences affect pain experiences.
Pain: Multidimensional Model
- The multidimensional model of pain considers various factors influencing pain perception.
- It recognizes external factors, pain sensations, thoughts, feelings, and tissue damage as contributing influences.
- There are layers/ aspects to the model> not just one factor or physiological aspects.
Pain Recovery: Self-Efficacy & Anxiety
- Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their ability to perform necessary behaviours to manage pain.
- Anxiety, especially concerning pain experiences or future pain (pain catastrophizing) or injury, is a significant factor in recovery.
- Negative emotions (like fear, dread, uneasiness) and feelings of helplessness can affect daily functioning and recovery outcomes.
- Other psychological factors, like the individual's expectations, can also impact recovery from pain, and it is important for clinicians to be aware of all of them.
Pain: Clinician Influence
- Clinicians should consider the subjective history, goal setting, prioritizing goals, and utilizing appropriate management strategies in their holistic approach to pain.
- Cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, and patient education can play a crucial role.
Pain Gate Mechanism
- Sensory input can be modulated along neurons sending impulses.
- Emotions and other pain experiences can trigger messages relayed through the spinal cord, affecting pain intensity.
- The Gate Theory explains that non-painful stimuli can reduce pain signals by activating inhibitory interneurons.
- A-beta fibers and C fibers (pain fibers) work together, with descending control through the brain contributing to pain management.
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