N247 Exam 1 SG: Fetal Monitoring, Cycle, Genetics

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Questions and Answers

During fetal monitoring, what condition is indicated by variable decelerations on the fetal heart rate strip?

  • Maternal hypotension
  • Fetal head compression
  • Uteroplacental insufficiency
  • Umbilical cord compression (correct)

Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of baseline variability in fetal heart rate monitoring?

  • Fluctuations in the fetal heart rate of more than 25 bpm
  • Changes in fetal heart rate that occur in response to uterine contractions
  • Fluctuations in the fetal heart rate of 6 to 25 bpm (correct)
  • Changes in fetal heart rate that occur in response to fetal movement

A laboring patient with a history of chronic hypertension is showing late decelerations. What should the nurse's FIRST action be?

  • Prepare for an emergency cesarean section.
  • Increase the rate of intravenous fluids.
  • Reposition the patient to a lateral position. (correct)
  • Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask.

Which contraction pattern indicates hyperstimulation of the uterus during labor?

<p>Contractions that occur every 2 minutes and last 90 seconds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to current guidelines, which contraceptive method is MOST effective in preventing pregnancy?

<p>Intrauterine devices (IUDs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of contraception, what is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of combined hormonal contraceptives?

<p>Preventing ovulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does luteinizing hormone (LH) PRIMARILY influence?

<p>Ovulatory phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is PRIMARILY responsible for the maintenance of the uterine lining during pregnancy?

<p>Progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a family history of cystic fibrosis is seeking preconception genetic counseling. What type of genetic testing should be discussed?

<p>Single gene mutation testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between genetic screening and genetic diagnostic testing?

<p>Screening tests assess the risk of a genetic condition, while diagnostic tests confirm the presence of a condition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A couple is known to be carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is an example of X-linked dominant inheritance?

<p>Fragile X syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, what is the PRIMARY risk associated with maternal listeriosis?

<p>Fetal demise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is MOST critical for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus?

<p>Folic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pregnant patient at 10 weeks' gestation reports experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. What condition should be considered?

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Naegele's rule, if the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was November 21, what is her estimated due date?

<p>August 28 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a positive sign of pregnancy?

<p>Visualization of the fetus via ultrasound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PURPOSE of administering a Group B Streptococcus (GBS) test during prenatal care?

<p>To prevent the transmission of GBS to the newborn during delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Stroble article, how does the maternal microbiome impact pregnancy outcomes?

<p>It can influence immune development and metabolic processes in the fetus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physiological changes is MOST likely to cause shortness of breath in the third trimester?

<p>Enlarging uterus pressing against the diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY cause of morning sickness during the first trimester of pregnancy?

<p>Hormonal fluctuations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition BEST describes a “spontaneous abortion”?

<p>The natural loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a woman is pregnant, how would she be described using the GTPAL system if this is her second pregnancy, she had one previous full-term birth, and no abortions or preterm births?

<p>G2 T1 P0 A0 L1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up schedule for a low-risk pregnant patient from weeks 28-36?

<p>Every 2 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse prioritize to address the underlying cause of recurrent late decelerations observed on a fetal heart rate tracing?

<p>Evaluating maternal position and oxygenation status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor would most significantly increase a pregnant woman's risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?

<p>A personal history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical nursing intervention to mitigate the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in a newborn whose mother has a history of opioid dependence?

<p>Monitoring the newborn regularly for signs of withdrawal and administering prescribed medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication presents the greatest risk to the fetus in a pregnancy complicated by severe maternal thrombocytopenia?

<p>Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important consideration when assessing the safety of administering oxytocin to augment labor in a multiparous woman?

<p>The potential for uterine tachysystole and fetal heart rate decelerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate long-term management strategy for women with a history of gestational hypertension who are planning future pregnancies?

<p>Encouraging weight loss and physical activity to achieve a healthy BMI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for treating postpartum hemorrhage?

<p>Oxytocin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunizations are safe to give to a postpartum mother prior to discharge from the hospital?

<p>MMR and Tdap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor should the nurse consider to improve her patient’s success when initiating breastfeeding?

<p>Keep the mother and baby together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the use of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT). In which scenario would NIPT be most clinically beneficial as a first-line screening tool over traditional maternal serum screening?

<p>A woman of advanced maternal age (35 years or older) seeking early reassurance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pregnant woman is diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during her first prenatal visit. What is the primary rationale for treating her ASB?

<p>To reduce the risk of preterm labor and delivery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A woman at 39 weeks gestation presents to labor and delivery with rupture of membranes 24 hours ago. She is GBS positive, but has been declining antibiotics in labor. Current vital signs are stable, temperature is 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit. What is the priority intervention?

<p>Notify the provider of maternal temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new mother who is breastfeeding asks the nurse about the safety of taking a certain medication for a chronic condition. What is the most evidence-based resource for the nurse to consult regarding medication safety during breastfeeding?

<p>LactMed database (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fetal Monitoring Terminology

The baseline fetal heart rate, variability (each type), accelerations, and decelerations.

VEAL CHOP

Variable decelerations are caused by cord compression, Early decelerations are caused by head compression, Acceleration are OK, Late decelerations are caused by placental insufficiency (VEAL CHOP).

Contraction Terminology

Frequency, duration, intensity, and resting tone of contractions.

Menstrual Cycle Phases

Understand what occurs and which hormones are active during each phase of the menstrual cycle.

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Pregnancy Hormones

Know the hormones of pregnancy (e.g., hCG, progesterone, estrogen) and their functions.

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Ideal Time for Genetic Counseling

The ideal time is preconception, especially for women with comorbidities or advanced maternal age.

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Genetic Screening vs. Genetic Testing

Screening is used in a general population, and diagnostic testing is used when there is higher risk.

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Maternal Diet in Pregnancy

Foods to avoid, recommended nutrients, and the impact of maternal microbiome.

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Dating Early Pregnancy

Understand the appropriate way to determine gestational age in early pregnancy.

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Naegele's Rule

Add 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period, then subtract 3 months to estimate the due date.

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Signs of Pregnancy

These can be subjective, objective, or diagnostic findings in pregnancy.

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Prenatal Labs

Timing of GBS swab and what a positive result means for the baby.

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Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy

Normal physiologic changes in pregnancy, like cardiovascular and respiratory changes and how each can cause issues.

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Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Common discomforts like nausea, back pain, fatigue, and appropriate interventions

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GTPAL

G: Gravida (number of pregnancies), T: Term births, P: Preterm births, A: Abortions, L: Living children.

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Study Notes

  • The notes are for N247 Exam 1

Fetal Monitoring

  • Know the terminology of baseline, variability, acceleration, and deceleration including the types of each
  • Understand the cause of each type of deceleration using the VEAL CHOP mnemonic
  • Review practice strips
  • Know how physiological changes in labor such as medications, chronic conditions, and sleep cycle contribute to changes in fetal heart rate strips
  • Know contraction terminology, including frequency, duration, intensity, and resting tone

Menstrual Cycle/Contraception

  • Know each phase of the menstrual cycle
  • Know which events occur during each phase, and which hormones act where
  • Know and understand the reliability levels of all contraceptive methods
  • Know all pregnancy hormones and their functions

Genetics

  • Understand the ideal time for genetic counseling and the importance of preconception counseling, especially for women with comorbidities and advanced maternal age
  • Understand the difference between genetic screening and genetic testing, and which test to offer first and to which population
  • Know and understand screening versus diagnostic testing for genetic defects
  • Know and understand autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked disorders including examples of each

Diet and Prenatal Care

  • Understand maternal diet, including foods to avoid, and nutrients that are recommended
  • Know maternal microbiome
  • Know all hormones of pregnancy
  • Know early signs of pregnancy
  • Know and understand the appropriate way to calculate the estimated due date
  • Know and understand how to calculate Naegle's rule
  • Know the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy
  • Know and understand prenatal labs, blood testing, and the timing of blood tests such as when to perform a GBS swab, and what a positive result means
  • Review the Stroble article on the microbiome in pregnancy and note maternal conditions that influence it

Physiologic Changes and Discomforts

  • Know the physiological changes of pregnancy
  • Know and understand common discomforts of pregnancy and which trimester experiences discomfort
  • Know and understand the causes of spontaneous abortion
  • Know the GTPAL system
  • Understand prenatal schedules and when patients should follow up in the antepartum period

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