Myotomes, Dermatomes, and Muscle Contractions
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Questions and Answers

Which nerve is NOT a source of supply for the digitorum profundus?

  • Ulnar nerve
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Radial nerve (correct)

    • What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone in the body?

  • Trapezium
  • Lunate (correct)
  • Scaphoid
  • Capitate

    • A patient presents with wrist pain after a fall. Which carpal bone is most likely dislocated?

  • Lunate (correct)
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
  • Hamate

    • Which of the following is often associated with symptoms resembling carpal tunnel syndrome due to compression of the median nerve?

    <p>Dislocation of the lunate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common mechanism of injury in Nursemaid's Elbow?

    <p>Sudden pull on an extended arm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anterior dislocation is most common in which joint?

    <p>Glenohumeral (shoulder) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Colles' fracture is a break of which bone?

    <p>Distal Radius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical mechanism of injury for a Colles' fracture?

    <p>Fall on an outstretched hand with wrist extended (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the action of extending the elbow?

    <p>Radial nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biceps brachii is responsible for both flexing the elbow and also what?

    <p>Supinating the forearm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of structures in the brachial plexus?

    <p>Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medial pectoral nerve innervates which muscle?

    <p>Pectoralis major and minor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is often associated with 'Saturday night palsy'?

    <p>Radial nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is the main supplier for the arm?

    <p>Axillary artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with difficulty in flexing their wrist and abducting their hand. Which muscle is likely impaired?

    <p>Flexor carpi radialis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the long head of the triceps brachii at the shoulder?

    <p>Extension and adduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of muscles is primarily associated with the C5 myotome?

    <p>Deltoid, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, and brachioradialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle contraction occurs when lowering a weight, experiencing a lengthening of the muscle under tension?

    <p>Eccentric contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior boundary of the intervertebral foramina is formed by which of the following structures?

    <p>Zygapophysial (facet) joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Movement within the sagittal plane is best described by which action?

    <p>Flexion and extension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint allows for little to no movement and is found in the skull?

    <p>Fibrous Joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a symphysis joint?

    <p>Bones connected by fibrocartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine?

    <p>Prevent hyperextension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone were to bisect the body into front and back portions, which plane would be used?

    <p>Coronal Plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with weakness in wrist extension and numbness on the back of their hand. Which nerve is most likely affected?

    <p>Radial nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism behind a nursemaid's elbow injury?

    <p>Subluxation of the radial head (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Following a fall on an outstretched arm, a patient is diagnosed with an anterior shoulder dislocation. Which nerve is most susceptible to injury in this condition?

    <p>Axillary nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Colles' fracture is characterized by which specific displacement of the distal radius fragment?

    <p>Dorsal displacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the radial pulse typically palpated in the wrist?

    <p>Lateral to the flexor carpi radialis tendon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism and symptoms of golfer's elbow?

    <p>Overuse of wrist flexors, pain on the medial elbow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for initiating the first 15 degrees of arm abduction without rotation?

    <p>Supraspinatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic of emphasis on orthopedic exams based on the content provided?

    <p>Femoral triangle boundaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a 'waiter's tip' position of the arm?

    <p>Erb-Duchenne Palsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is primarily affected in Klumpke's Palsy?

    <p>Ulnar nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical position of the arm in an upper brachial plexus injury?

    <p>Adducted and medially rotated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are affected by an upper brachial plexus injury?

    <p>Musculocutaneous, Axillary, and Suprascapular nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hand deformity is indicative of Klumpke's Palsy?

    <p>Claw hand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the anterior boundary of the axilla?

    <p>Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, clavipectoral fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bony structure contributes to the formation of the apex (inlet) of the axilla?

    <p>Scapula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the posterior wall of the axilla?

    <p>Serratus anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the humerus contributes to forming the lateral wall of the axilla?

    <p>Intertubercular groove (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is NOT considered a major terminal branch of the brachial plexus?

    <p>Phrenic nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior divisions of the brachial plexus primarily supply which group of muscles?

    <p>Flexors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the components of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

    <p>Anterior divisions of C5-C7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 'Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer' mnemonic, what do the 'Cords' refers to?

    <p>Lateral, Medial, and Posterior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Myotome

    A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve root.

    Dermatome

    Area of skin supplied by sensory fibers from a spinal nerve root.

    C5 Myotome Muscles

    Includes deltoid, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachioradialis.

    Isometric Contraction

    Muscle length remains constant while tension increases; no movement occurs.

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    Isotonic Contraction

    Muscle changes length to produce movement; includes concentric and eccentric contractions.

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    Concentric Contraction

    Muscle shortens during contraction (e.g., lifting a weight).

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    Eccentric Contraction

    Muscle lengthens under tension (e.g., lowering a weight).

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    Intervertebral Foramina

    Openings between vertebrae allowing spinal nerves to exit.

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    Biceps Brachii

    A muscle that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

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    Triceps Brachii

    A muscle that extends the elbow and adducts the shoulder.

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    Musculocutaneous Nerve

    Nerve that supplies sensation to the lateral forearm and innervates elbow flexors.

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    Radial Nerve

    Nerve responsible for extending the arm and providing sensation to the back of the hand.

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    Flexor Carpi Radialis

    A muscle that flexes and abducts the wrist.

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    Brachial Plexus

    Network of nerves supplying the upper limb, forming the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.

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    Axillary Artery

    Main artery supplying blood to the arm, branching from the subclavian artery.

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    Brachial Plexus Injury

    Injury affecting upper limb nerves, can cause weak motor skills or shoulder issues.

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    Digitorum Profundus Supply

    The digitorum profundus is supplied by the ulnar nerve and anterior interosseous nerve.

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    Most Commonly Dislocated Carpal Bone

    The lunate is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone, often due to high-energy trauma such as a fall.

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    Lunate Dislocation Symptoms

    Lunate dislocation leads to wrist pain, swelling, and limited motion.

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    Median Nerve Compression

    Lunate dislocation can compress the median nerve, causing symptoms similar to carpal tunnel syndrome.

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    Nursemaid's Elbow

    Nursemaid's elbow occurs when the radial head slips out of position, often in children under 5.

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    Symptoms of Nursemaid's Elbow

    Symptoms include arm pain, refusal to use the arm, and holding the elbow slightly bent and turned inward.

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    Glenohumeral Joint Dislocation

    Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint occurs frequently due to its wide range of motion, often from falls.

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    Colles' Fracture Mechanism

    A Colles' fracture is a distal radius break near the wrist, typically from a fall on an outstretched hand.

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    Upper Plexus Injury

    Injury to the upper brachial plexus, affecting C5-C6 nerves, leading to Erb's Palsy.

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    Lower Plexus Injury

    Injury to the lower brachial plexus, affecting C8-T1 nerves, leading to Klumpke's Palsy.

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    Ulnar Nerve

    A branch of the medial cord (C8-T1) that innervates intrinsic hand muscles.

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    Radial Nerve Injury

    Damage to the radial nerve causing weakness in wrist extension and numbness on the back of the hand.

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    Colles' Fracture

    Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement, typically from a fall on an outstretched hand.

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    Radial Pulse Location

    The radial pulse is felt lateral to the flexor carpi radialis tendon at the wrist.

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    Golfer's Elbow

    Medial epicondylitis caused by overuse of wrist flexors, causing pain in the medial elbow.

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    Tennis Elbow

    Lateral epicondylitis from overuse of wrist extensors, causing pain in the lateral elbow.

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    Supraspinatus Muscle

    Muscle that initiates arm abduction for the first 15 degrees but does not rotate the arm.

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    Apex (Inlet)

    The upper boundary structure of the axillary region formed by the clavicle, 1st rib, and scapula.

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    Base (Floor)

    The lower boundary of the axillary region, consisting of skin and axillary fascia.

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    Anterior Wall

    The front boundary of the axillary region made up of pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and clavipectoral fascia.

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    Posterior Wall

    The back boundary of the axillary region formed by subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi.

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    Medial Wall

    The inner boundary of the axillary region consisting of serratus anterior, ribs 1-4, and intercostal muscles.

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    Lateral Wall

    The outer boundary of the axillary region represented by the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

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    Rnady Travis Drinks Cold Beer

    Mnemonic for remembering the order of the Brachial Plexus: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches.

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    Study Notes

    Myotomes and Dermatomes

    • Myotome: A group of muscles controlled by a single spinal nerve.
    • C5 myotome controls deltoids, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, and brachioradialis muscles.
    • C5 myotome is responsible for shoulder abduction, external rotation, and elbow flexion.

    Isometric and Isotonic Contractions

    • Isometric contraction: Muscle length remains constant while tension increases; no movement occurs.
    • Concentric contraction: Muscle shortens during contraction, e.g., lifting a weight.
    • Eccentric contraction: Muscle lengthens under tension, e.g., lowering a weight.

    Intervertebral Foramina Boundaries

    • The superior margin is formed by the inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above.
    • The anterior margin is formed by the intervertebral disc between the adjacent vertebrae's bodies.
    • The inferior margin is formed by the superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below.
    • The posterior margin is formed by the zygapophysial (facet) joint of the adjacent vertebrae.

    Planes of the Body

    • Frontal (Coronal): Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
    • Transverse (Horizontal): Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
    • Sagittal: Divides the body into right and left parts.
    • Midsagittal (Median): Divides the body into equal right and left halves.

    Types of Joints

    • Fibrous: Little to no movement (e.g., skull sutures).
    • Cartilaginous: Limited movement (e.g., epiphyseal plates, pubic symphysis).
    • Synovial: Freely movable joints with a synovial cavity.

    Six Types of Synovial Joints

    • Plane (gliding): Sliding movements (e.g., intercarpal).
    • Hinge: Flexion and extension only (e.g., elbow, knee).
    • Pivot: Rotation around a central axis (e.g., atlantoaxial).
    • Condyloid (Ellipsoid): Movement in two planes (e.g., wrist).
    • Saddle: Movement in two planes with greater freedom (e.g., thumb).
    • Ball-and-socket: Movement in multiple planes (e.g., shoulder, hip).

    Spinal Nerves and Vertebral Column

    • Cervical nerves (8): C1 nerve exits superior to C1 vertebra, exits through IV Foramina superior to the respective vertebra,C8 exits through the IV foramen between C7 and T1.

    • Thoracic nerves (12): exit through IV foramina inferior to the respective vertebra.

    • Lumbar nerves (5):

    • Sacral nerves (5):

    • Coccygeal nerves (1): Mostly absent, or have no posterior roots. Exit via sacral hiatus.

    • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (prevents hyperextension).

    • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (prevents hyperflexion).

    • Ligamenta Flava (Maintains upright posture, assists return to neutral after flexion).

    • Interspinous Ligaments (Limits flexion).

    • Supraspinous Ligament (Limits flexion).

    • Intertransverse Ligaments (Limits lateral bending).

    Specific Muscles and their Functions

    • Descriptions of muscles, locations, and actions are not included in these notes.

    Specific Clinical Conditions

    • Descriptions, causes, and presentations are not included in these notes.

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    Anatomy Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of myotomes and dermatomes, focusing on the C5 myotome and its muscle control. Learn about isometric and isotonic muscle contractions alongside the anatomy of intervertebral foramina. This quiz is perfect for students delving into human anatomy and physiology.

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