16 Questions
C6 is responsible for _______ extension and elbow flexion.
wrist
The _______ toe extension is associated with L5.
great
The normal range of shoulder _______ is 180º.
flexion
T1 is associated with _______ abduction and hand intrinsics.
finger
The normal range of elbow _______ is 140º.
flexion
C7 is responsible for _______ extension and wrist flexion.
elbow
The normal range of cervical _______ is 45º.
flexion
S1 is associated with _______ flexion.
ankle
What spinal level is responsible for cervical flexion?
C1/C2
Which dermatome is associated with the little finger?
C8
What is the normal range of ankle dorsiflexion?
20º
Which spinal level is associated with hip flexion?
L1/L2
What is the normal range of shoulder internal rotation?
70º
Which dermatome is associated with the medial forearm and arm?
T1
What is the normal range of wrist flexion?
80º
Which spinal level is associated with great toe extension?
L5
Study Notes
Myotomes
- C1/C2 myotomes are responsible for cervical flexion
- C3 myotomes control lateral cervical flexion
- C4 myotomes facilitate shoulder elevation
- C5 myotomes enable shoulder flexion and abduction
- C6 myotomes control wrist extension and elbow flexion
- C7 myotomes allow elbow extension and wrist flexion
- C8 myotomes facilitate finger flexion and thumb extension
- T1 myotomes control finger abduction and hand intrinsics
- L1/L2 myotomes facilitate hip flexion
- L3 myotomes enable knee extension
- L4 myotomes control ankle dorsiflexion (DF)
- L5 myotomes facilitate great toe extension
- S1 myotomes control ankle plantar flexion (PF)
Dermatomes
- C6 dermatomes innervate the thumb
- C7 dermatomes innervate the middle finger
- C8 dermatomes innervate the little finger
- T1 dermatomes innervate the anteromedial forearm and arm
- T2 dermatomes innervate the medial forearm to axilla
- T4 dermatomes innervate the nipple
- T6 dermatomes innervate the xiphoid process
- T10 dermatomes innervate the umbilicus
- L3 dermatomes innervate the medial knee
- L4 dermatomes innervate the anterior knee and medial malleolus
- L5 dermatomes innervate the dorsal foot and toes 1-3
- S1 dermatomes innervate the lateral malleolus
ROM Normative Values
- Shoulder flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 180º
- Shoulder extension (EXT) has a normal range of 60º
- Shoulder abduction (ABD) has a normal range of 180º
- Shoulder adduction (ADD) has a normal range of 30º
- Shoulder internal rotation (IR) has a normal range of 70º
- Shoulder external rotation (ER) has a normal range of 90º
- Elbow flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 140º
- Elbow extension (EXT) has a normal range of 0º
- Wrist flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 80º
- Wrist extension (EXT) has a normal range of 70º
- Wrist pronation (PRO) has a normal range of 80º
- Wrist supination (SUP) has a normal range of 80º
- Wrist ulnar deviation (UD) has a normal range of 30º
- Wrist radial deviation (RD) has a normal range of 20º
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion has a normal range of 90º
- MCP extension has a normal range of 45º
- Hip flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 120º
- Hip extension (EXT) has a normal range of 30º
- Hip abduction (ABD) has a normal range of 45º
- Hip adduction (ADD) has a normal range of 30º
- Hip internal rotation (IR) has a normal range of 45º
- Hip external rotation (ER) has a normal range of 45º
- Knee flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 135º
- Knee extension (EXT) has a normal range of 0º
- Ankle dorsiflexion (DF) has a normal range of 20º
- Ankle plantar flexion (PF) has a normal range of 50º
- Ankle inversion (INV) has a normal range of 35º
- Ankle eversion (EV) has a normal range of 15º
- Subtalar joint (STJ) inversion has a normal range of 20º
- STJ eversion has a normal range of 10º
- First metatarsophalangeal (MPJ) flexion has a normal range of 30º
- First MPJ extension has a normal range of 70º
- Cervical flexion has a normal range of 45º
- Cervical extension has a normal range of 45º
- Cervical lateral flexion has a normal range of 30º
- Cervical rotation has a normal range of 80º
- Thoracic flexion has a normal range of 90º
- Thoracic extension has a normal range of 30º
- Thoracic lateral flexion has a normal range of 30º
- Thoracic rotation has a normal range of 30º
- Lumbar flexion has a normal range of 60º
- Lumbar extension has a normal range of 25º
- Lumbar lateral flexion has a normal range of 25º
- Lumbar rotation has a normal range of 18º
Myotomes
- C1/C2 myotomes are responsible for cervical flexion
- C3 myotomes control lateral cervical flexion
- C4 myotomes facilitate shoulder elevation
- C5 myotomes enable shoulder flexion and abduction
- C6 myotomes control wrist extension and elbow flexion
- C7 myotomes allow elbow extension and wrist flexion
- C8 myotomes facilitate finger flexion and thumb extension
- T1 myotomes control finger abduction and hand intrinsics
- L1/L2 myotomes facilitate hip flexion
- L3 myotomes enable knee extension
- L4 myotomes control ankle dorsiflexion (DF)
- L5 myotomes facilitate great toe extension
- S1 myotomes control ankle plantar flexion (PF)
Dermatomes
- C6 dermatomes innervate the thumb
- C7 dermatomes innervate the middle finger
- C8 dermatomes innervate the little finger
- T1 dermatomes innervate the anteromedial forearm and arm
- T2 dermatomes innervate the medial forearm to axilla
- T4 dermatomes innervate the nipple
- T6 dermatomes innervate the xiphoid process
- T10 dermatomes innervate the umbilicus
- L3 dermatomes innervate the medial knee
- L4 dermatomes innervate the anterior knee and medial malleolus
- L5 dermatomes innervate the dorsal foot and toes 1-3
- S1 dermatomes innervate the lateral malleolus
ROM Normative Values
- Shoulder flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 180º
- Shoulder extension (EXT) has a normal range of 60º
- Shoulder abduction (ABD) has a normal range of 180º
- Shoulder adduction (ADD) has a normal range of 30º
- Shoulder internal rotation (IR) has a normal range of 70º
- Shoulder external rotation (ER) has a normal range of 90º
- Elbow flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 140º
- Elbow extension (EXT) has a normal range of 0º
- Wrist flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 80º
- Wrist extension (EXT) has a normal range of 70º
- Wrist pronation (PRO) has a normal range of 80º
- Wrist supination (SUP) has a normal range of 80º
- Wrist ulnar deviation (UD) has a normal range of 30º
- Wrist radial deviation (RD) has a normal range of 20º
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion has a normal range of 90º
- MCP extension has a normal range of 45º
- Hip flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 120º
- Hip extension (EXT) has a normal range of 30º
- Hip abduction (ABD) has a normal range of 45º
- Hip adduction (ADD) has a normal range of 30º
- Hip internal rotation (IR) has a normal range of 45º
- Hip external rotation (ER) has a normal range of 45º
- Knee flexion (FLX) has a normal range of 135º
- Knee extension (EXT) has a normal range of 0º
- Ankle dorsiflexion (DF) has a normal range of 20º
- Ankle plantar flexion (PF) has a normal range of 50º
- Ankle inversion (INV) has a normal range of 35º
- Ankle eversion (EV) has a normal range of 15º
- Subtalar joint (STJ) inversion has a normal range of 20º
- STJ eversion has a normal range of 10º
- First metatarsophalangeal (MPJ) flexion has a normal range of 30º
- First MPJ extension has a normal range of 70º
- Cervical flexion has a normal range of 45º
- Cervical extension has a normal range of 45º
- Cervical lateral flexion has a normal range of 30º
- Cervical rotation has a normal range of 80º
- Thoracic flexion has a normal range of 90º
- Thoracic extension has a normal range of 30º
- Thoracic lateral flexion has a normal range of 30º
- Thoracic rotation has a normal range of 30º
- Lumbar flexion has a normal range of 60º
- Lumbar extension has a normal range of 25º
- Lumbar lateral flexion has a normal range of 25º
- Lumbar rotation has a normal range of 18º
Test your knowledge of myotomes and dermatomes, including their corresponding spinal nerves and muscle functions.
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