Myeloid Lineage Cells in Innate Immunity
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Myeloid Lineage Cells in Innate Immunity

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune system?

  • Promotion of allergic responses
  • Production of antibodies
  • Destruction of parasites
  • Phagocytosis and antigen presentation (correct)

    • Which type of cell is primarily responsible for killing parasites that are coated with antibodies?

  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils (correct)

    • What mechanism do dendritic cells use to uptake antigens from peripheral sites?

  • Endocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Exocytosis
  • Macropinocytosis (correct)

    • Which cells among the following are known for their bactericidal activity?

    <p>Macrophages and Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do basophils play in the immune system?

    <p>Allergic response and anti-parasitic immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of neutrophils in the context of infection?

    <p>They are the first responders to bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell is responsible for the activation of bactericidal mechanisms at the site of infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of immune responses, what do antigen presenting cells (APCs) primarily do?

    <p>Present antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily generates an allergic response in the body?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors are specifically involved in recognizing foreign pathogens in immune cells?

    <p>Mannose and glucan receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do toll-like receptors (TLRs) primarily recognize?

    <p>Pathogenic or foreign agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are known to possess a special set of receptors for pathogen recognition?

    <p>Macrophages and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pattern recognition receptors in immune cells?

    <p>To identify foreign or pathogenic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of receptors mentioned that are present on macrophages?

    <p>TLR 1, TLR 2, TLR 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for the release of histamine during an allergic response?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of toll-like receptors on immune cells?

    <p>They bind to carbohydrates of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines and chemokines in response to an infection?

    <p>They increase blood vessel permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of inflammation?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically occurs as a result of increased blood flow in an inflamed area?

    <p>Enhanced oxygen delivery to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells immediately respond and migrate to the site of infection as part of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of cells are natural killer cells classified as?

    <p>Innate lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the symptoms of inflammation occur?

    <p>To facilitate the migration of immune cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial reaction of the immune system to tissue injury?

    <p>Inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the granules in natural killer cells contain?

    <p>Killing substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells do natural killer cells primarily target for destruction?

    <p>Tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of innate immunity in response to infections?

    <p>To provide a rapid, generalized defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is adaptive immunity considered more powerful than innate immunity?

    <p>It targets specific pathogens with tailored responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for adaptive immunity to respond to an infection?

    <p>Days to weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lytic granules play in the immune response?

    <p>They kill pathogen-infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Adaptive immunity relies on the presence of innate immune components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is often faced when teaching immunology?

    <p>Immunology must be understood as an interconnected system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a feature of adaptive immunity?

    <p>It results in long-term immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the multiplication of lymphocytes?

    <p>The binding of a receptor to a specific antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the presence of only one infected cell generally not enough to cause disease?

    <p>Pathogens usually need to reach a certain threshold to cause disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lymphocytes that have self-reactive receptors?

    <p>They are eliminated during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells do activated lymphocytes convert into when they multiply?

    <p>Effector cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic change occurs in lymphocytes after they interact with an antigen?

    <p>They undergo slight differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of effector cells in the immune response?

    <p>To mediate adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do lymphocytes not react with the body's own proteins?

    <p>Self-reactive lymphocytes are eliminated during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the antigen-specific receptors on lymphocytes?

    <p>To bind with specific antigens only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Myeloid Lineage Cells in Innate Immunity

    • Macrophages: Phagocytize (engulf) pathogens and activate bactericidal mechanisms. They also play a role in antigen presentation.
    • Dendritic Cells: Present antigens to B cells and T cells in lymph nodes. They engulf antigens from tissues through a process called macropinocytosis.
    • Neutrophils: Phagocytic white blood cells that are highly effective at killing bacteria.
    • Eosinophils: Combat parasites, particularly those that are coated with antibodies.
    • Basophils: Contribute to allergic responses and promote anti-parasitic immunity.
    • Mast Cells: Release histamine, a key component of allergic reactions. Their granules contain histamine.

    ### Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

    • Toll-like Receptors (TLRs): PRRs on macrophages, dendritic cells, and other immune cells. Recognize pathogens.
    • Mannose and Glucan Receptors: Bind to cell wall carbohydrates, a feature of bacteria, yeast, and fungi.

    ### The Inflammatory Response

    • Chemokines and Cytokines: Chemicals that attract immune cells to the site of infection.
    • Vasodilation: Chemokines and cytokines cause blood vessels to dilate.
    • Signs of Inflammation: Redness, heat, pain, and swelling.

    ### Innate Lymphocytes

    • Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
    • Innate Lymphocytes (ILCs): Contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses.

    ### Adaptive Immunity

    • Lymphocytes: Specifically recognize antigens.
    • Antigen-Specific Clonal Expansion: Upon recognition, lymphocytes (B and T cells) rapidly multiply to generate a large population of cells specific for the antigen.
    • Effector Cells: Activated lymphocytes that mediate adaptive immunity.
    • Self-Reactive Lymphocytes: During development, lymphocytes that can recognize self-proteins are eliminated.

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    Description

    Explore the roles of various myeloid lineage cells in the innate immune system. This quiz covers the functions of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. Additionally, it delves into pattern recognition receptors crucial for pathogen detection.

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