Mycology Part 1 Overview
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What is the difference between hyphae and pseudohyphae?

  • Hyphae are formed by budding, while pseudohyphae are not.
  • Hyphae are found in bacteria, while pseudohyphae are found in fungi.
  • Hyphae are tube-like structures, while pseudohyphae are rod-shaped. (correct)
  • Hyphae are formed by mitosis, while pseudohyphae are formed by meiosis.

    • Which phylum produces ascospores in sexual reproduction?

  • Mucorales
  • Ascomycota (correct)
  • Zygomycota
  • Basidiomycota

    • What does the term 'Synanamorphs' refer to?

  • More than one anamorph for the same teleomorph or when a single fungus produces more than one anamorph. (correct)
  • Process of sexual reproduction in fungi.
  • Asexual reproductive state of a fungus.
  • Budding process in fungi.

    • Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for fungal infections?

    <p>Direct contact with infected animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the term 'colonization' in relation to fungal infections?

    <p>Colonization occurs when a fungus multiples within a host, without causing harm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important factor to consider when collecting a fungal specimen?

    <p>Keeping the specimen moist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best way to collect a blood sample for fungal culture?

    <p>Collect as bacterial cultures, disinfect with tincture of iodine, and use the maximum amount of blood recommended. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting fungal specimens?

    <p>To identify the specific fungus causing the infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended transport temperature for a corneal scraping specimen?

    <p>Either Room Temperature or 4°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods are NOT used for temporary mounts?

    <p>Gram Staining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended transport time for a hair specimen?

    <p>24 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using DMSO in the KOH preparation?

    <p>To increase the rate of clearing by breaking down cellular debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended collection method for a prostatic fluid specimen?

    <p>Bladder emptying followed by prostatic massage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to transport a swab sample for an ear infection immediately?

    <p>To prevent the sample from drying out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended collection method for a vitreous fluid specimen?

    <p>Needle Aspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen type can be transported for up to 72 hours at room temperature?

    <p>Nail scraping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are long strands of tube-like structures in fungi called?

    <p>Hyphae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT true regarding the cell structure of fungi?

    <p>Chlorophyll present for photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what mode of reproduction do fungi produce spores asexually?

    <p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mycelia is responsible for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Vegetative mycelia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of fungi regarding their oxygen requirement?

    <p>Obligate aerobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyphae has an antler-shaped appearance?

    <p>Antler hyphae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a portal of entry for fungi?

    <p>Blood transfusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyphae has a club-shaped appearance?

    <p>Racquet hyphae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using lactophenol blue in specimen preparation?

    <p>To preserve fungal structures and stain cell walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the surface before scraping for fungal element collection?

    <p>Disinfect with 70% alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about urine specimen collection is correct?

    <p>A midstream collection technique should be used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which permanent mount stain is useful for differentiating Nocardia from Actinomyces?

    <p>Acid-Fast Stain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does the background appear when using Gomori Methenamine Silver Nitrate?

    <p>Green (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining technique is primarily used to detect Histoplasma capsulatum?

    <p>Giemsa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fungal element appearance under the India Ink / Nigrosin method?

    <p>Yeast with a clear halo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color do carbohydrates in a fungal wall stain using PAS appear?

    <p>Magenta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of hyphae is characterized by frequent cross walls?

    <p>Septate Hyphae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fungi grows both in mold and yeast forms within the same culture?

    <p>Dimorphic Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of reproduction for yeast organisms?

    <p>Budding or fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conidia is formed by the fragmentation of fertile hyphae?

    <p>Arthroconidia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is a result of asexual reproduction in fungi?

    <p>Conidia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature do yeast typically grow, especially in increased CO2 concentrations?

    <p>37°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hyphae is known for possessing few cross walls at irregular intervals?

    <p>Sparsely Septate Hyphae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spore is formed within a structure called a sporangium?

    <p>Sporangiospores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fungus that reproduces sexually?

    <p>Teleomorph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color of hyphae is indicated by the term 'phaeoid'?

    <p>Darkly pigmented (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic features of Basidiomycota?

    <p>Presence of clamp connections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the collection of sterile fluids, which fluid is not typically included?

    <p>Aqueous humor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended transport condition for Mucorale specimens?

    <p>Never refrigerate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Fungi Imperfecti is accurate?

    <p>Includes the largest number of species causing mycoses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should bone marrow be collected for testing?

    <p>Prepared after surgical incision and plated at bedside (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in Mucorales?

    <p>Sporangiospores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended collection process for catheter samples?

    <p>Collect 5 cm distal tip of catheter into sterile tubes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collection and transport time guideline for Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp.?

    <p>≤2 hours at room temperature or ≤24 hours at room temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mycology Part 1 Outline

    • General Characteristics:
      • Yeasts vs. Molds: Molds have hyphae and mycelia, while yeasts are single-celled.
      • Mycelia: A mass of hyphae (long, tubular structures).
      • Hyphae: Can be septate (cross-walls) or aseptate (no cross-walls).
      • Pigmentation: Hyaline (non-pigmented) or phaeoid (darkly pigmented) hyphae.
      • Dimorphism: Some fungi exist as both yeast and mold.

    Reproduction

    • Asexual Reproduction:

      • Conidia: Asexual reproductive structures formed following mitosis.
      • Arthroconidia: Conidia formed by fragmentation of hyphae.
      • Phialoconidia: Conidia formed from conidiogenous cells (phialides).
      • Blastoconidia: Formed by budding.
      • Sporangiospores: Enclosed in a sporangium.

    • Sexual Reproduction (Perfect Fungi):

      • Requires two different mating types (plus and minus).
      • Involves the fusion of two compatible nuclei leading to a zygospore.
      • Teleomorph: Sexual reproductive stage.
      • Anamorph: Asexual reproductive stage.

    Taxonomy

    • Ascomycota: Sexual spores are ascospores.
    • Basidiomycota: Sexual spores are basidiospores.
    • Zygomycota: Sexual spores are zygospores.
    • Fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycota): No known sexual stage.

    Portal of Entry

    • Common Entry Points: Skin, hair, nails, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, etc.

    Fungal Culture Process

    • Specimen Collection and Transport:
      • Sterile techniques are important for specimen collection, transportation.
      • Various collection methods for different specimens (blood, CSF, fluids, tissue biopsies, etc.).
      • Transportation mediums and time limits for maintaining specimen integrity are crucial.

    Direct Microscopic Examination

    • KOH Preparation: This technique helps to clear away skin cells and tissues, allowing observation of fungal structures.
    • Temporary Mounts: Techniques like Lactophenol Cotton Blue help preserve the sample and stain the cell walls for easier visualization.
    • Permanent Mounts: Techniques (e.g., Gram, PAS, Giemsa, Silver Nitrate, Acridine Orange) used to prepare stained slides for long-term storage and analysis.

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    Mycology Part 1 Outline PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental characteristics and reproductive methods of fungi, distinguishing between yeasts and molds. Explore details on hyphae, mycelia, and the various forms of asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi. Perfect for those studying mycology and fungal biology.

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