Mycology Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is mycology?

The study of fungi.

What is a blastoconidium?

A protuberance produced during reproductive budding of yeast cells.

Mucormycosis and histoplasmosis are infections from species of ______ organisms.

fungal

Sinonasal destruction and brain abscesses can occur in infections from species of ______ mold.

<p>Aspergillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the oral yeast infection candidiasis?

<p>Thrush</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of dermatophytosis involves the feet?

<p>Tinea unguium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Onychomycosis is a chronic condition also known as which of the following?

<p>Tinea unguium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal infection is transmitted by exposure to bat guano or bird droppings?

<p>Histoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluconazole and echinocandin are drugs in which general classification?

<p>Antifungal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of pathogens causes vulvovaginal infections?

<p>Candida</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for a fungal infection which can be superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic in nature?

<p>Mycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dimorphic fungi?

<p>Fungal organisms that exist as either yeast form or mold form depending on the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does septate refer to in fungal morphology?

<p>Being divided by a separating structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ubiquitous mean?

<p>Widespread, found everywhere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ringworm?

<p>A fungal infection characterized by a reddened, raised circular shape with a clear center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is candidemia?

<p>The pathogenic presence of yeast in the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatophytosis commonly known as?

<p>Tinea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is angioinvasion?

<p>Penetration of arteries or veins by pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulitis?

<p>A condition of diffuse inflammation of subcutaneous and connective tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are annelides in the context of fungi?

<p>Fungal cells that produce conidia by growing in length and tapering toward the tip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Candida neoformans is the only species of yeast capable of producing a capsule.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nail salon workers should be required to have certificate demonstration competence in prevention of transmitting tinea unguium.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Histoplasmosis is the leading cause of cases of fungal meningitis.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of leavening in bread incorporates air bubbles for a lighter texture.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Candidemia is an opportunistic fungal infection rarely seen in healthy individuals.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thrush infections produce a cottage-cheese-like discharge of the vagina or penis and symptoms of itching and irritation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungal pathogens infect both animals and humans but cannot be transmitted between species.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is commonly seen in immunocompromised cancer patients with neutropenia and in diabetics with ketoacidosis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungal cell walls are composed of polysaccharides and chlorophyll.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Premature and low-birth-weight babies are at elevated risk for invasive candidiasis.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungi and Mycology

  • Mycology is the study of fungi, which encompass both microscopic and macroscopic organisms.
  • Fungi play crucial roles in various ecosystems, including decomposition and nutrient cycling.

Reproductive Structures

  • Blastoconidium is a protuberance produced during yeast cell budding, reflecting the process of asexual reproduction in fungi.

Types of Fungal Infections

  • Mucormycosis and histoplasmosis are types of infections caused by fungal organisms, highlighting the diverse nature of fungal diseases.
  • Candidiasis, an oral yeast infection, is commonly referred to as thrush.

Specific Fungal Infections

  • Aspergillus species can lead to sinonasal destruction and brain abscesses, demonstrating severe complications of some fungal infections.
  • Histoplasmosis is associated with exposure to bat guano or bird droppings.

Dermatophytosis Forms

  • Tinea unguium is the term for onychomycosis, a chronic nail infection.
  • Tinea pedis is the dermatophytosis form that primarily affects the feet.

Antifungal Agents

  • Fluconazole and echinocandin belong to the antifungal classification, showcasing treatment options for fungal infections.
  • Candida species are responsible for vulvovaginal infections, underlining the significance of understanding pathogenic groups.

Mycosis

  • Mycosis denotes fungal infections which can be superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic, indicating a range of infection severity and presentation.
  • Dimorphic fungi exhibit two forms based on environmental factors, influencing their pathogenicity.

Morphological Characteristics

  • Septate fungi have hyphae divided by septa, a defining feature aiding in identification.
  • Ubiquitous fungi are widely distributed and encountered in various environments.

Ringworm and Other Infections

  • Ringworm is characterized by a circular, reddened rash with a clear center, a common fungal infection in humans and animals.
  • Candidemia refers to the presence of yeast in the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

Dermatophytosis

  • Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea, encapsulates a spectrum of fungal skin infections.

Pathogenic Mechanisms

  • Angioinvasion involves fungal infiltration into blood vessels, facilitating systemic spread of the infection.
  • Cellulitis indicates diffuse inflammation in subcutaneous and connective tissues, often a result of infection.

True/False Statements

  • Candida neoformans uniquely produces a capsule, setting it apart from other yeast species.
  • Nail salon workers are advised to demonstrate competence in preventing tinea unguium transmission.
  • Histoplasmosis is not the leading cause of fungal meningitis.
  • Leavening in bread introduces air bubbles, contributing to a lighter texture.
  • Candidemia mainly affects immunocompromised individuals, highlighting its opportunistic nature.
  • Thrush does not produce a cottage-cheese-like discharge, contradicting common misconceptions.
  • Fungal infections are species-specific, indicating limited transmission potential between humans and animals.
  • Rhinocerebral mucormycosis frequently occurs in immunocompromised patients and those with diabetes.
  • Fungal cell walls are primarily composed of polysaccharides, not chlorophyll.
  • Premature and low-birth-weight infants face increased risk for invasive candidiasis, necessitating vigilant monitoring.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential terms and definitions in mycology with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as fungi, blastoconidium, and specific fungal infections. Perfect for students studying microbiology or mycology.

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