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Questions and Answers
What was used to separate macrophages from non-phagocytized MBT?
What was used to separate macrophages from non-phagocytized MBT?
What temperature and condition were RAW 264.7 cells cultured in?
What temperature and condition were RAW 264.7 cells cultured in?
Which strain of MBT was used to infect RAW 264.7 cells?
Which strain of MBT was used to infect RAW 264.7 cells?
What was one of the components added to the RPMI-1640 medium for culturing RAW 264.7 cells?
What was one of the components added to the RPMI-1640 medium for culturing RAW 264.7 cells?
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How long were macrophages cultured after being infected with MBT?
How long were macrophages cultured after being infected with MBT?
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What is the main advantage of using the liposomal form of mycobacteriophage D29 in treating tuberculosis?
What is the main advantage of using the liposomal form of mycobacteriophage D29 in treating tuberculosis?
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What is the primary challenge of using mycobacteriophages in tuberculosis therapy?
What is the primary challenge of using mycobacteriophages in tuberculosis therapy?
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Which cell models were used to study the efficacy of mycobacteriophage D29?
Which cell models were used to study the efficacy of mycobacteriophage D29?
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What is the global goal for tuberculosis incidence reduction set by WHO for 2035?
What is the global goal for tuberculosis incidence reduction set by WHO for 2035?
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What characteristic of mycobacteriophages is important for targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
What characteristic of mycobacteriophages is important for targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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What role do macrophages play in tuberculosis infection?
What role do macrophages play in tuberculosis infection?
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Which form of mycobacteriophage D29 was shown to have a pronounced advantage in the study?
Which form of mycobacteriophage D29 was shown to have a pronounced advantage in the study?
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How does the use of mycobacteriophages contribute to tuberculosis treatment?
How does the use of mycobacteriophages contribute to tuberculosis treatment?
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What is the primary biological nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to antibiotic therapy?
What is the primary biological nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis related to antibiotic therapy?
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What is the duration of chemotherapy for patients with multiple drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
What is the duration of chemotherapy for patients with multiple drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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What is the significance of lytic mycobacteriophage D29 in tuberculosis treatment?
What is the significance of lytic mycobacteriophage D29 in tuberculosis treatment?
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What was used to prepare the lytic mycobacteriophage D29 for the study?
What was used to prepare the lytic mycobacteriophage D29 for the study?
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Which component was added to the Middlebrook 7H9 culture medium during phage preparation?
Which component was added to the Middlebrook 7H9 culture medium during phage preparation?
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What does PFU stand for in the context of phage preparation?
What does PFU stand for in the context of phage preparation?
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What was demonstrated by the bactericidal effect of lytic mycobacteriophage D29?
What was demonstrated by the bactericidal effect of lytic mycobacteriophage D29?
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In what form is the lytic mycobacteriophage proposed to be used to combat tuberculosis?
In what form is the lytic mycobacteriophage proposed to be used to combat tuberculosis?
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What technique was used for isolating and purifying phage particles of M. smegmatis?
What technique was used for isolating and purifying phage particles of M. smegmatis?
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Which medium was used to culture peripheral blood mononuclears?
Which medium was used to culture peripheral blood mononuclears?
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What was the role of the phospholipid film consisting of egg lecithin, cholesterol, and Tween-80 in the experiment?
What was the role of the phospholipid film consisting of egg lecithin, cholesterol, and Tween-80 in the experiment?
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What was the main objective of adding mycobacteriophages after the formation of granulomas?
What was the main objective of adding mycobacteriophages after the formation of granulomas?
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During the preparation of liposomal lytic mycobacteriophages, what was the concentration of the phage preparation required?
During the preparation of liposomal lytic mycobacteriophages, what was the concentration of the phage preparation required?
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On which days were granulomas observed to be formed?
On which days were granulomas observed to be formed?
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What was the function of the quantitative real-time PCR in this experiment?
What was the function of the quantitative real-time PCR in this experiment?
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Which of the following statements about the centrifugation process is true?
Which of the following statements about the centrifugation process is true?
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Study Notes
Bactericidal Activity of Liposomal Form of Lytic Mycobacteriophage D29
- Lytic mycobacteriophages are a potential treatment for tuberculosis, especially in cases with drug resistance.
- Mycobacteriophage D29, encapsulated in liposomes, showed enhanced antimycobacterial activity in vitro compared to the free form.
- The liposome-encapsulated phage improved penetration into macrophages and successfully lysed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture.
- This method was effective in intracellularly infected macrophages and simulated tuberculous granulomas.
- The global effort to reduce tuberculosis incidence relies on novel treatment methods to reduce treatment duration and drug resistance.
- Drug-resistant tuberculosis strains require extended treatment times (1.5-2.0 years), which reduces patient compliance.
Liposome Preparation and Methods
- Purified mycobacteriophage D29 was encapsulated into 400-nm liposomes using a phospholipid film (lecithin, cholesterol, Tween-80).
- The liposome-encapsulated phage was separated using centrifugation.
- The presence of the phage in the liposomes was confirmed using Quantitative PCR.
Cell Models of Tuberculosis Infection
- RAW264.7 macrophages were used as a model of intracellular infection.
- Tuberculous granulomas were formed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
- Macrophages were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv strain).
- The liposomal mycobacteriophage was added to the infected macrophages or granulomas to assess its efficacy.
- Quantitative PCR was used to quantify the phage DNA in the macrophages to demonstrate enhanced phage penetration compared with free phage.
Results
- Liposomal D29 showed significantly higher antimycobacterial activity compared to the free form in both macrophage and granuloma models.
- The liposomal form facilitated significantly greater penetration into infected macrophages.
- The efficiency of mycobacterium inhibition increased.
- The number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies was reduced in granuloma models.
- Significantly efficient inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in granuloma models treated with liposomal compared to free mycobacteriophages was demonstrated.
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Description
This quiz explores the bactericidal activity of the liposomal form of lytic Mycobacteriophage D29 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It covers methodologies for liposome preparation and the implications of this treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Test your knowledge on this exciting potential therapy in the fight against tuberculosis.
