Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which Mycobacterium species is primarily transmitted through unpasteurized milk?
Which Mycobacterium species is primarily transmitted through unpasteurized milk?
What distinguishes photochromogens from other types of Mycobacterium?
What distinguishes photochromogens from other types of Mycobacterium?
Which Mycobacterium is known as the 'tap water bacillus'?
Which Mycobacterium is known as the 'tap water bacillus'?
What is a characteristic feature of rapid growers among Mycobacterium species?
What is a characteristic feature of rapid growers among Mycobacterium species?
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Which Mycobacterium species is specifically associated with causing Buruli ulcers?
Which Mycobacterium species is specifically associated with causing Buruli ulcers?
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M.kansasii is known for causing what kind of infection?
M.kansasii is known for causing what kind of infection?
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Which of the following Mycobacterium species requires hemin for growth?
Which of the following Mycobacterium species requires hemin for growth?
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What method is required for the Ziehl-Neelsen stain?
What method is required for the Ziehl-Neelsen stain?
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Which species is classified as a non-photochromogen?
Which species is classified as a non-photochromogen?
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Which Mycobacterium species cannot be cultured in vitro?
Which Mycobacterium species cannot be cultured in vitro?
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Which Mycobacterium species is primarily known for its rapid growth and is commonly associated with postoperative skin infections?
Which Mycobacterium species is primarily known for its rapid growth and is commonly associated with postoperative skin infections?
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What type of Mycobacterium produces pigment only under light exposure?
What type of Mycobacterium produces pigment only under light exposure?
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Which Mycobacterium species is primarily associated with chronic pulmonary infections and is resistant to tuberculosis drugs?
Which Mycobacterium species is primarily associated with chronic pulmonary infections and is resistant to tuberculosis drugs?
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Which of the following statements about M.szulgai is true?
Which of the following statements about M.szulgai is true?
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Which Mycobacterium species is primarily found in East Africa?
Which Mycobacterium species is primarily found in East Africa?
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What is the primary method of transmission for M.tuberculosis?
What is the primary method of transmission for M.tuberculosis?
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Which Mycobacterium species is associated with cardiovascular infections after surgery due to heater-cooler contamination?
Which Mycobacterium species is associated with cardiovascular infections after surgery due to heater-cooler contamination?
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Which of the following characteristics describes M.ulcerans?
Which of the following characteristics describes M.ulcerans?
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Which staining method does not require heating and uses a high concentration of phenol?
Which staining method does not require heating and uses a high concentration of phenol?
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M.gastri, known to be nonpathogenic, is primarily isolated from which source?
M.gastri, known to be nonpathogenic, is primarily isolated from which source?
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Which Mycobacterium species is predominantly associated with chronic respiratory infections and is known for its yellow pigmentation?
Which Mycobacterium species is predominantly associated with chronic respiratory infections and is known for its yellow pigmentation?
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Which Mycobacterium species primarily affects cattle but can also infect humans, particularly through dairy products?
Which Mycobacterium species primarily affects cattle but can also infect humans, particularly through dairy products?
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Identify the Mycobacterium species known for causing inflammation of lymph nodes.
Identify the Mycobacterium species known for causing inflammation of lymph nodes.
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Which statement is true regarding M.szulgai's pigmentation characteristics?
Which statement is true regarding M.szulgai's pigmentation characteristics?
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Which bacterium is characterized as a skin pathogen that requires hemin for its growth?
Which bacterium is characterized as a skin pathogen that requires hemin for its growth?
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Which of the following Mycobacterium species is associated with opportunistic infections and typically occurs in individuals with pre-existing lung disease?
Which of the following Mycobacterium species is associated with opportunistic infections and typically occurs in individuals with pre-existing lung disease?
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Which Mycobacterium species is part of the M.avium complex and is linked to cardiovascular complications after surgery?
Which Mycobacterium species is part of the M.avium complex and is linked to cardiovascular complications after surgery?
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Which of the following Mycobacterium species is known for causing specific cutaneous conditions in tropical regions?
Which of the following Mycobacterium species is known for causing specific cutaneous conditions in tropical regions?
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Which Mycobacterium species is classified as a rapid grower and does not produce pigment?
Which Mycobacterium species is classified as a rapid grower and does not produce pigment?
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What is the common feature of obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium species?
What is the common feature of obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium species?
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Study Notes
Mycobacteria Overview
- Acid-fast bacilli with unique cell walls. Obligate aerobes, requiring biosafety level 3 containment.
Growth Media and Stains
- Lowenstein-Jensen medium: Egg-based, uses malachite green, suitable for slow-growing mycobacteria.
- Middlebrook agar: Faster colony growth detection than Lowenstein-Jensen.
- Ziehl-Neelsen stain: Requires heat during staining.
- Kinyoun stain: Uses a high phenol concentration, avoids heating.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex
- M. tuberculosis: Causes human tuberculosis, transmitted through respiratory droplets.
- M. bovis: Primarily infects cattle; humans can contract it from unpasteurized milk.
- M. africanum: Found in West Africa.
- M. canettii: Found in East Africa.
- M. caprae/microti: Primarily infects other animals.
Photochromogens
- Develop pigment when exposed to light.
- M. kansasii: Chronic pulmonary infections, creates a yellow bacillus.
- M. marinum: Skin infections, linked to aquatic environments.
- M. simiae: Rare respiratory infections.
- M. asiaticum: Rare pulmonary infections.
Scotochromogens
- Produce pigment regardless of light exposure.
- M. scrofulaceum: Causes lymph node inflammation.
- M. szulgai: Pulmonary infection, pigment production varies with temperature.
- M. gordonae: Often called "tap water bacillus".
Non-Photochromogens
- Do not produce pigment in either light or dark.
- M. avium: Causes infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g., AIDS); resistant to TB drugs.
- M. ulcerans: Causes Buruli ulcers in tropical regions.
- M. malmoense: Chronic pulmonary infections.
- M. haemophilium: Skin and subcutaneous infections; requires hemin for growth.
- M. gastri: Nonpathogenic; found in gastric washings.
Rapid Growers
- Non-pigmented, grow within 7 days.
- M. fortuitum: Postoperative skin infections often from contaminated water sources.
- M. chelonae: Wound infections, especially post-cosmetic procedures; lacks iron uptake.
- M. abscessus: Opportunistic in individuals with underlying lung disease.
Other Species
- M. leprae: Causes leprosy (Hansen's disease); cannot be cultured in vitro.
- M. chimaera: Part of the M. avium complex; linked to cardiovascular infections post-surgery from heater-cooler contamination.
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Description
This quiz delves into the diverse world of mycobacteria, focusing on their unique characteristics, growth media, and staining techniques. Explore specific species such as M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii, along with their clinical implications and environmental associations.
