Questions and Answers
What is food?
a basic human need
Why do issues arise with the distribution of food?
not enough is being produced
Even with surpluses, people still go hungry.
True
What factors interact in food production?
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What is polyculture?
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What is monoculture?
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What characterizes subsistence agriculture?
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What is commercial agriculture?
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What is the leading exporter and importer of rice?
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What is the United States' rank as an exporter of rice?
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Who are the leading exporter and importer of wheat?
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Who are the leading exporter and importer of maize?
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What is the second most significant commodity after oil?
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How much do most coffee growers earn per cup?
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What are some determinants of agricultural productivity?
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How many livestock are domesticated worldwide?
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What is indirect human consumption of grain?
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What is the most efficient grain transformer?
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For pigs, how much grain is used for every lb of meat?
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For cows, how much grain is used for every lb of meat?
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List some borderline developed/developing countries.
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What are some environmental impacts of modern animal production?
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What does the Convention of Aquatic Resources Law and Regulation control?
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What is aquaculture?
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What does malnourished mean?
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What does undernourished mean?
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What is starvation?
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What is food security?
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What is famine?
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What are access problems in relation to food?
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What are some food supply solutions for the future?
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What are halophytes?
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Study Notes
Food Supply Fundamentals
- Food is a basic human requirement.
- Distribution issues arise due to insufficient food production.
- Surplus food does not guarantee access; hunger persists.
Agricultural Systems
- Environmental, technological, political, and economic factors influence food production.
- Polyculture: Involves raising a variety of crops for sustainability.
- Monoculture: Focuses on specializing in a singular crop to maximize efficiency.
Types of Agriculture
- Subsistence Agriculture: Grows food primarily for self and family, relies on human labor, low technology, and operates on smaller farms.
- Commercial Agriculture: Produces food for sale utilizing capital investments, larger farms, and provides products to agribusiness with fewer family-owned farms.
Global Agricultural Trade
- Thailand: Leading exporter; Philippines: Leading importer of rice.
- United States ranks as the fifth largest rice exporter.
- U.S. is the primary exporter and Brazil the importer for wheat.
- U.S. also leads in maize export, with Japan as a primary importer.
Coffee Industry
- Coffee ranks second among global commodities after oil.
- Most coffee growers earn only $.04 per cup sold.
Agricultural Productivity Factors
- Determinants include climate, technology, capital investment, use of fertilizers, tractors, quality seeds, irrigation, and pesticides.
Livestock Facts
- Livestock domesticated alongside crops; current global population totals 24 billion.
- Grain is often indirectly consumed by humans through livestock products like milk, eggs, and meat.
Grain Transformation Efficiency
- Chickens are the most efficient grain transform, requiring 2-4 lbs of grain for 1 lb of meat.
- Pigs require 7 lbs of grain per 1 lb of meat and cows 15 lbs for the same.
Developing Nations
- Brazil, Russia, India, and China identified as borderline developed/developing countries.
Environmental Concerns
- Modern animal production leads to pasture destruction, methane emissions, and "factory farming" issues like cesspools and disease spread.
Aquaculture Regulations
- International law manages fish migration across borders, permitting capture within 200 meters of shorelines.
Aquaculture Insights
- Involves herding and domesticating aquatic animals, split between saltwater and freshwater.
Nutritional Challenges
- Malnourished: A state of imbalance in nutrient intake.
- Undernourished: Insufficient nutrient levels hinder growth and immune response.
- Starvation: Leads to organ failure and potentially death due to extreme nutrient deprivation.
Food Security and Crisis
- Food Security: Continuous access to safe, nutritious food for health.
- Famine: Severe food shortages leading to starvation, often caused by economic and political failures.
- Access Problems: Contradictions where rich nations have hungry populations and poor nations are well-fed.
Future Food Supply Solutions
- Advancements in irrigation, utilizing halophytes, enhancing crop diversity, and employing biotechnologies like gene splicing to address climate and food security challenges.
Halophytes
- Special plants that thrive in saltwater ecosystems, presenting an opportunity for growth in adverse conditions.
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